Optical watermarking technique robust to geometrical distortion in image

2013

J. Electron. Imaging

Self Cite

Abstract. We propose a new technology of optical watermarking that uses a one-dimensional high-frequency pattern to protect the portrait rights of three-dimensional (3-D) shaped real objects by preventing the use of images captured illegally with cameras. We conduct experiments using human faces as real 3-D objects assuming that this technology would be applied to human faces to protect their portrait rights. We utilize the phase difference between two color component patterns, i.e., binary information was expressed if the phase of the high-frequency pattern was the same or opposite. The experimental results demonstrate that this technique was robust against the pattern being deformed due to the curved surface of the 3-D shaped object, and the highest degree of accuracy of 100% in reading out the embedded data was possible by optimizing the conditions under which data were embedded. As a result, we can confirm that the technique we propose is feasible. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Optical watermarking technology for protecting portrait rights of three-dimensional shaped real objects using one-dimensional high-frequency patterns

Komori

2013

J. Electron. Imaging

Self Cite

“…We used orthogonal transforms such as a Discrete Cosine Transform (OCT) or a Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) as methods of embedding the watermarking. We also previously proposed techniques that were robust to various distortions due to the shooting and reflectance conditions of objects in practical cases [11]. Here, we propose a new technique of robust optical watermarking and describe experiments and present results that demonstrate the feasibility of the new technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Robust optical watermarking technique by optimizing the size of pixel blocks of orthogonal transform

Ishikawa

2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting

Yanaka

2011

Self Cite

We previously proposed a novel technology with which the images of real objects with no copyright protection could contain invisible digital watermarking, using spatially modulated illumination. In this "optical watermarking" technology we used orthogonal transforms such as a DiscreteCosine Transform (DCT) or a Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) to produce watermarking images, where I-bit binary information was embedded into each pixel block. Here, we propose a new robust technique of optical watermarking that varies the size of pixel blocks by a trade-off in the efficiency of embedded watermarking. We conducted experiments where 4x4, 8x8, and 16x16 pixels were used in one block. A detection accuracy of 100% was obtained by using a block with 16x16 pixels when embedded watermarking was extremely weak, although the accuracy did not reach 100% by using blocks with 4x4 or 8x8 pixels under the same embedding conditions. The results from experiments revealed the effectiveness of our proposed technique.

“…We previously tried to correct deformation in the projected watermarking pattern using two dimensional grid patterns (Y. Ishikawa et al, 2011). We found this technique made it possible to correct deformation and accurately read out watermarking information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Written Watermarking Technology Using One Dimensional High Frequency Pattern

Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications

Komori

2012

We propose a new optically written watermarking technology that uses a one dimensional high frequency pattern to protect the portrait rights of 3-D shaped real objects by preventing the use of images captured illegally with cameras. We conducted experiments using a manikin's face as a real 3-D object assuming that this technology would be applied to human faces in the future. We utilized the phase difference between two color component patterns, i.e., binary information was expressed if the phase of the high frequency pattern was the same or its opposite. The experimental results demonstrated this technique was robust against the pattern being deformed due to the curved surface of the 3-D shaped object and a high accuracy of 100% in reading out the embedded data was possible by optimizing the conditions under which data were embedded. As a result, we could confirm the technique we propose is feasible.