Optical watermarking technology for protecting portrait rights of three-dimensional shaped real objects using one-dimensional high-frequency patterns

Abstract

Abstract. We propose a new technology of optical watermarking that uses a one-dimensional high-frequency pattern to protect the portrait rights of three-dimensional (3-D) shaped real objects by preventing the use of images captured illegally with cameras. We conduct experiments using human faces as real 3-D objects assuming that this technology would be applied to human faces to protect their portrait rights. We utilize the phase difference between two color component patterns, i.e., binary information was expressed if the phase of the high-frequency pattern was the same or opposite. The experimental results demonstrate that this technique was robust against the pattern being deformed due to the curved surface of the 3-D shaped object, and the highest degree of accuracy of 100% in reading out the embedded data was possible by optimizing the conditions under which data were embedded. As a result, we can confirm that the technique we propose is feasible. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Optically written watermarking technology using temporally and spatially luminance-modulated light

“…Digital watermarking is an effective way of protecting copyrighted content from being illegally copied. Although conventional information hiding technologies hide information in digital data, we have studied a technique that does not hide information in digital data but conceals it in real objects [3][4][5]. The main purpose of this technique is to protect the portrait rights of real objects that are highly valued as portraits such as celebrated paintings in museums.…”