Optical properties of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based guest-host photorefractive polymer systems

Silence, S. M.; Donckers, M. C. J. M.; Walsh, C. A.; Burland, D. M.; Twieg, Robert J.; Moerner, W. E.

doi:10.1364/ao.33.002218

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The writing beams are turned on at I ( t = 0), and the diffraction efficiency grows slowly, reaching a steady‐state after ∼ 800 s of writing. The fluctuations in the signal as it rises to its steady‐state value are due to slow changes in the optical paths of the writing beams 2, 14. When the external field and writing beams are turned off at II, the signal first decays to zero rapidly, followed by a significant recovery and then a slow decay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractivity and transmission-type holograms of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based composite with N-4-nitrophenyl-(l)-prolinol as chromophore

Wang

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The photorefractivity of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole)/2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone/N-4-nitrophenyl-(l)-prolinol/N-ethylcarbazole composite was investigated by twobeam coupling and degenerate four-wave mixing experiments. The composite in a weight ratio 35 : 1 : 50 : 15 exhibited a 22% steady-state diffraction efficiency and 70 cm Ϫ1 two-beam coupling coefficient at the applied external field of 55 V/m. Zero applied field transmission-type holograms were observed in the photorefractive sample as well as the spin-coated thin film. The dynamic decay of diffraction light indicated that there existed two contributors with different phase-shift, and the slow decay time can be as long as several h under continuous illumination by the readout beam.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractivity and transmission-type holograms of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based composite with N-4-nitrophenyl-(l)-prolinol as chromophore

Wang

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mechanism for charge transport in such polymers involves ‘hole hopping,’ in which a cationic carbazolyl group captures an electron from a neighboring uncharged carbazolyl moiety in the polymer by migration of the electron through the intervening space 7–11. These conducting organic polymers have been used in many applications, including in optoelectronics and imaging, nonlinear optical materials and diodes12–24 We have used dicarbazolylalkanes, which contain two pendent carbazolyl groups, to model the interactions in such conducting polymers 25. Simplification of the interactions to pairs of aryl groups facilitates the determination of the properties and interrelations of these groups by focusing on the dynamics associated with a single electron‐transfer process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous cation chemistry and chain‐length effects in electron ionization and collision‐induced dissociation mass spectraof symmetric 1,n‐bis(9‐anthracenyl)alkanes

Schildcrout

Masnovi

2011

J. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The behavior of the gaseous cations resulting from EI (30 and 70 eV) of the bichromophoric title compounds 1-5 (for n = 1-5, respectively) is examined by ion-trap mass spectrometry, including collision-induced dissociation (CID) with variation in collision energy. These results are compared with those from anthracene and 9-methylanthracene and with previously reported mass spectrometric results for 3 and dicarbazolylalkanes. Rather than using the kinetic method to obtain ion energetics where the fragmentation mechanism is clear, as commonly done, the method is used here with relative complementary-ion abundances from CID to test the proposed fragmentation mechanisms using B3LYP calculations of relative ionization energies and optimized geometries of ionic and neutral fragments. Hydrogen migrations are common, and skeletal rearrangements including formation of expanded, fused and spiro rings are proposed in several cases. Of the chain cleavages, α-homolysis giving C(15) H(11) (+) , likely as dibenzotropylium, is most important for each of 1-5 except 3, where β-cleavage to C(16) H(13) (+) dominates with a proposed methyldibenzotropylium structure. α-Cleavage was important also in the dicarbazolylalkanes. A previous inference of a McLafferty rearrangement to explain C(15) H(12) (+•) from 3 is not supported by the present results. The fragmentation behavior of 1-5 depends strongly on n and implies significant interchromophoric interaction between anthracenyl groups.

show abstract

“…[17][18][19][20][21] A large portion of PR polymers reported are made of a photoconducting polymer matrix such as polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) doped with NLO molecules. 12,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27] Several sensitizers have also been used in the PVK-based PR polymer. These sensitizers can form a charge transfer complex with PVK and are able to improve the PR properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the sensitizer on the properties of fully functionalized photorefractive epoxy polymers and their performance in the hologram image storage

Chang

Whang

Hsu³

et al. 1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 3‐amino‐9‐ethyl carbazole (AEC)/Dispersed Orange 3 (DO3)/diglycidyl 1,2 cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DCD) main chain copolymers are synthesized and studied on their photorefractive (PR), photoconductive, and holographic characteristics. They are good hologram recording media because not only the stored hologram exhibits excellent fringe contrast with the resolution at about 20 μm, but also the image can be stored, erased, and overwritten. The UV/Vis spectra shows that AEC segments may form charge transfer complexes with either DO3 segments or TNF sensitizers. By incorporating the sensitizer or increasing the charge transfer component concentration, the grating growth rate can be speeded up. Applying an electric field on the polymer film containing no sensitizer helps to elevate the grating growth speed, but it shows little influence on the grating growth speed of the films with sensitizers. More nonlinear optical (NLO) segments in the copolymer result in higher diffraction efficiency. The dark decay of the film depends on the dark conductivity. Incorporating sensitizers or more charge transport segments leads to more dark decay because of increasing dark conductivity. The dark decay of the PR properties at elevated temperature can also be evaluated by the thermal stimulated discharge current (TSDC) spectroscopy technique. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1057–1068, 1999

show abstract

Optical properties of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based guest-host photorefractive polymer systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Photorefractivity and transmission-type holograms of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based composite with N-4-nitrophenyl-(l)-prolinol as chromophore

Photorefractivity and transmission-type holograms of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-based composite with N-4-nitrophenyl-(l)-prolinol as chromophore

Gaseous cation chemistry and chain‐length effects in electron ionization and collision‐induced dissociation mass spectraof symmetric 1,n‐bis(9‐anthracenyl)alkanes

Effect of the sensitizer on the properties of fully functionalized photorefractive epoxy polymers and their performance in the hologram image storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About