Optical antenna enhanced spontaneous emission

Eggleston, Michael S.; Messer, Kevin; Zhang, Liming; Yablonovitch, Eli; Wu, M.C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1423294112

Cited by 139 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The intention in the design of the device was to exploit the distributed high quality factor ( Q ) resonance, inherent in certain periodic structures, to dramatically enhance the absorption of local photons and facilitate photoemission282930.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission-based microelectronic devices

et al. 2016

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The vast majority of modern microelectronic devices rely on carriers within semiconductors due to their integrability. Therefore, the performance of these devices is limited due to natural semiconductor properties such as band gap and electron velocity. Replacing the semiconductor channel in conventional microelectronic devices with a gas or vacuum channel may scale their speed, wavelength and power beyond what is available today. However, liberating electrons into gas/vacuum in a practical microelectronic device is quite challenging. It often requires heating, applying high voltages, or using lasers with short wavelengths or high powers. Here, we show that the interaction between an engineered resonant surface and a low-power infrared laser can cause enough photoemission via electron tunnelling to implement feasible microelectronic devices such as transistors, switches and modulators. The proposed photoemission-based devices benefit from the advantages of gas-plasma/vacuum electronic devices while preserving the integrability of semiconductor-based devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoemission-based microelectronic devices

et al. 2016

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“…The present analysis may be extended to other forms of antennas, such as single-wire antennas [19,20,23], split ring antennas [43][44][45], and antenna arrays [3,22]. The proposed formalism can be applied as well for the reciprocal phenomenon of radiation enhancement with dipole antenna [32,46,47] or other antenna geometries [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Surface-Wave Description for the Nano-scale Energy Concentration with Resonant Dipole Antennas

Jia¹,

Lalanne²,

Liu³

2015

Plasmonics

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Resonant optical dipole nano-antennas allow giant field enhancement within nano-gaps. To show how the energy of external illumination waves is delivered and concentrated in nano-gaps, we build up a model by considering the dynamical launching and multiple scattering processes of surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) on both antenna arms. The model captures the main feature of the antenna resonance as evidenced by comparison of the model prediction with fully vectorial numerical results and provides an intuitive picture that the energy of external wave is initially transferred into SPP and is then coupled into the nano-gap. The enhanced field in the nano-gap oscillates quasi-periodically with the increase of the antenna-arm length, and the resonance peaks can be predicted with a phase-matching condition derived from the model, showing that antenna resonance is due to a constructive interference of the multiple-scattered SPPs. Analytical equation for determining the complex resonance wavelength and the quality factor of the resonant modes is obtained. The model however exhibits observable deviation from fully vectorial numerical results for the lowest resonance order (for antenna with the shortest arms), evidencing that, for this case, surface waves other than SPPs contribute to the antenna resonance.The present results are helpful for clarifying the underlying physics for the energy concentration with resonant dipole antennas and may provide recipes for intuitive design of antenna devices, such as those used for optical nonlinearity enhancement and biochemical sensing.

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“…Since our goal is to compare the QE of various tunnelling structures in relative terms, the relation between their QE will hold for any SPP mode. In order to enhance the absolute external QE one only needs to follow the well-established studies available in the literature [2,4]. .…”

Section: Theoretical Formalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of plasmonic nanoantennas by nonresonant and resonant electron tunnelling

et al. 2016

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Abstract.A rigorous theory of photon emission accompanied inelastic tunnelling inside the gap of plasmonic nanoantennas has been developed. The disappointingly low efficiency of the electrical excitation of surface plasmon polaritons in these structures can be increased by orders of magnitude when a resonant tunnelling structure is incorporated inside the gap. Resonant tunnelling assisted surface plasmon emitter may become a key element in future electrically-driven nanoplasmonic circuits. I IntroductionPlasmonic nanoantennas attract much attention due to their ability at enhancing and controlling effectively the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters (molecules, quantum dots and so on) [1][2][3][4]. This unique asset has already been put into productive use in optically driven nanoantennas [3][4], primarily for sensing applications. But at the same time, the progress in integrated nanoplasmonic circuits has been impeded by the lack of efficient electrically-pumped sub-wavelength sources of light. For example, semiconductor lasers that enable present day photonic integrated topics suffer from high threshold and low efficiency when scaled down the sub-wavelength dimensions [5]. Given that, electrically-driven plasmonic nanoantennas appear to be a logical approach to the problem due to its apparent simplicity, as no nanoscale p-n junction needs to be formed and the light confinement is easily achieved in the vicinity of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance.Excitation of plasmonic oscillations (both propagating and localized) with electron tunnelling is far from being a new topicit predates the first appearance of the term "plasmonics" by decades., but as we show below, it deserves a second look. Starting with the pioneering 1976 work [6] by Lambe and McCarthy, tunnelling excitation of surface plasmonic waves in planar Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structures had been an object of plentiful experimental [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and theoretical [16][17][18][19][20] studies. These investigations had been given an impetus by the invention of Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) at the end of 1980's as numerous intensive studies of excitation of plasmonic modes with STM tips has been since performed [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. With the advent of nanophotonics the focus of research on SPP electrical excitation has gradually shifted to the development of miniature light sources as can be learned from recent reports [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] and review [42] by García de Abajo.The results of the experimental measurements often differ from each other and from theoretical estimates by as much as an order of magnitude or more [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. This is expected, given the great variety of experimental conditions as well as equally great diversity of theoretical approaches. Overall, though, it comes as no surprise that the most serious disadvantage of the electron tunnelling mechanism for the electrical excitation of SPP is its low quantum ef...

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Optical antenna enhanced spontaneous emission

Cited by 139 publications

References 44 publications

Photoemission-based microelectronic devices

Photoemission-based microelectronic devices

Comprehensive Surface-Wave Description for the Nano-scale Energy Concentration with Resonant Dipole Antennas

Excitation of plasmonic nanoantennas by nonresonant and resonant electron tunnelling

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