“…Besides, in similar studies of abandoned oil sites, infrastructure has been identified, such as valves, incinerators, separation batteries, wells, and waste pits (Trellu et al, 2017), all with very low concentrations of hydrocarbons and, in some cases, spills have been covered by flora or soil (Ziarati et al, 2019;Botello et al, 2019;Saadati et al, 2020). Due to these low concentrations, some of these sites have been declared below the permissible limits, but in some cases, environmental problems persist affecting the growth and development of plants (Sánchez et al, 2017;Challenger et al, 2018). Hence, Soto et al (2018) and González-Mille et al (2019) highlight the importance of considering methods of identification of these components since they relate them to negative effects on water potential, density, and porosity of the soil.…”