Opportunities and Challenges of Tobacco Control Policy at District Level in Indonesia: A Qualitative Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Comprehensive tobacco control policies are lacking in Indonesia where smoking prevalence in males is among the highest in the world. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, opportunities and challenges to tobacco control among local stakeholders. Methods: This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Four study areas included Bengkulu Province, Bengkulu City, Seluma District, and Kaur District. Eighteen participants interviewed were from policymakers, legislators, and civil societies during November-December 2020. Thematic data analysis was used. Results: While knowledge and support of the existing Smoke Free Policy (SFP) were high, that of other policies such as outdoor tobacco advertising (OTA) ban and tobacco product display ban were low. Among others, one opportunity was there is already SFP regulation in each study area, to which such bans can be added. Among others, three major challenges were: (a) lack of enforcement of the existing SFP, (b) lack of national regulation to ban OTA and product display, and (c) counter actions by the tobacco industry. Conclusion: The opportunities and challenges identified could be lessons learnt for more comprehensive tobacco control especially by local governments in Indonesia and other countries with similar settings.

Exposure to Outdoor Tobacco Advertisements Near Home is Associated with Smoking among Youth in Indonesia

“…These findings align with previous studies establishing the impact of family and friend smoking behavior on cigarette smoking among young people (Huang et al, 2014;Joung et al, 2016;Wellman et al, 2016). The results also show how young Indonesians are surrounded by outdoor tobacco adverts near home, near schools, on social media, and by family and friends who smoke Wulan et al, 2022;Nasution et al, 2022;Dewi et al, 2022;Yunarman et al, 2021). This would lead to more adult smokers as studies have shown that youth smoking predicts adult smoking (Paavola et al 1996).…”

Assessing the Policy of Non-Smoking Areas in Schools in Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study

“…In Indonesia, three primary factors determining current tobacco use are pocket money, tobacco-branded products used by the community, and easy access to cigarettes near schools (Lucia et al, 2022;Nurhayati et al, 2022). The challenges in implementing tobacco control policies in Indonesia are mainly due to political structure, policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and high levels of corruption (Astuti et al, 2020;Yunarman et al, 2021).…”

Analisis Model Logika dalam Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok pada Tataran Kota/Kabupaten di Indonesia

“…Berbeda dengan penelitian tersebut, Azkha (2013) menyebutkan bahwa sumber daya manusia dalam implementasi KTR di Kota/Kabupaten studi di Sumatera Barat dirasa cukup dengan dibentuknya tim pengawasan, pemantau, dan penegak perda serta adanya keterlibatan lintas sektor dalam pelaksanannya. b. Sumber Daya Keuangan Empat dari artikel yang ditinjau menyebutkan adanya keterbatasan anggaran dalam implementasi KTR di wilayah studinya (Nasution et al, 2022;Rizal et al, 2021;Siregar et al, 2022;Yunarman et al, 2021). Keterbatasan anggaran mengurangi kemampuan untuk menegakkan kepatuhan dan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung (Yunarman et al, 2021).…”

“…b. Sumber Daya Keuangan Empat dari artikel yang ditinjau menyebutkan adanya keterbatasan anggaran dalam implementasi KTR di wilayah studinya (Nasution et al, 2022;Rizal et al, 2021;Siregar et al, 2022;Yunarman et al, 2021). Keterbatasan anggaran mengurangi kemampuan untuk menegakkan kepatuhan dan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung (Yunarman et al, 2021). Sementara itu, beberapa artikel menyebutkan sumber pembiayaan dalam implementasi KTR di wilayah studinya berasal dari APBD (Ariska, 2017;Azkha, 2013;Rizal et al, 2021) dan pemanfaatan Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau (DBHCHT) (Azkha, 2013).…”

“…Penerapan KTR setidaknya mencakup aspek pembinaan, pengawasan, penegakan, dan pelaporan. a. Pembinaan Empat dari delapan artikel yang ditinjau menyebutkan kurangnya sosialisasi kepada pemilik/pengelola tempat KTR dan masyarakat (Musmar & Yusran, 2022;Rizal et al, 2021;Yunarman et al, 2021), dimana intensitasnya lebih sedikit dibandingkan iklan rokok. Sementara itu, penelitian Ariska (2017) dan Azkha (2013) menyebutkan bahwa sosialisasi sudah berjalan kepada setiap OPD, Kecamatan, dan kepada masyarakat melalui siaran TV, radio, dan dialog/talk Analisis Model Logika dalam Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok pada Tataran Kota/Kabupaten di Indonesia Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika (JCM) | 1303…”