Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (<i>Capra hicus</i>)

Broadwater, Joshua J.; Schorling, Jamie J.; Herring, Ian P.; Pickett, J. Phillip

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00548.x

Cited by 47 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…There is great variation in the STT-1 levels across species: goats 15.8±5.7mm/min (Broadwater et al 2007), Sanjabi sheep, 18.52±2.55mm/min (Ghaffari et al 2011), pigs 15.6±3.7mm/min , capybara 14.97±4.66mm/min (Montiani- Ferreira et al 2008) and broad-snouted caiman (3.4±1.2mm/min) (Oriá et al 2015). In male ferrets it was 4.80±0.88mmHg and in females 5.72±1.50mmHg (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average IOP levels of several species have been reported in the literature, including hedgehog (20.1±4.0mmHg) (Ghaffari et al 2011), goat (Capra hicus) (10.8±1.7mmHg) (Broadwater et al 2007), Sanjabi sheep (9.60±2.87mmHg LE, 9.15±2.36mmHg RE) (Ghaffari et al 2011), llama (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos) 16.55±3.55mmHg (Nuhsbaum et al 2000), rhinoceros (32mmHg) , capybara (16.47±4.28 mmHg) (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2008), ferret (14.5±3.2mmHg) (Montiani-Ferreira et al 2006), zebra (29.47±3.43mmHg), Arabian oryx (11.76±3.43mmHg) (Ofri et al 1998) and broad-snouted caiman (12.9±3.2mmHg) (Oriá et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

et al. 2016

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RESUMO.-[Pressão intraocular e teste lacrimal de Schirmer em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus).]O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer dados de referên-cia sobre a produção lacrimal (STT-1) e pressão intraocular (PIO) em lobos-guará em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 10 lobos-guará, saudáveis e adultos. Os animais foram contidos com cambão e mordaça e mantidos em decúbito lateral esquerdo. O TLS foi realizado no terço médio da pálpebra inferior, durante um minuto. A córnea foi dessensibilizada e a PIO mensurada com tonopen. A média do TLS-1 dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 11±5mm/ min, não havendo diferença significativa entre os olhos (p=0,960). A média da PIO dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 20±6mmHg, não observando diferença entre os olhos direitos e esquerdos (p=0,836). Média STT-1 foi menor do que, e PIO foi o mesmo que os níveis normais em cães. Não houve diferença estatística na idade dos animais e valores STT-1 e da PIO. No presente trabalho, os níveis médios de guará STT-1 foram mais baixos em comparação com as observadas nos cães, enquanto que a pressão intraocular foi a mesma nos lobos guará como em cães. Devido ao aumento da incidência na prestação de cuidados de emergência para vítimas de lobos-guará atropelamentos e incêndios, determinar os valores de referência dos parâmetros oculares podem melhorar o diagnóstico correto e tratamento de doenças. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline data on lacrimal quantity (STT-1) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in captive maned wolves. Ten healthy adult maned wolves were contained with a snare pole and muzzle and kept in decubitus of the left side. STT-1 measurement was performed on the lateral third of the lower conjunctival sac for one minute. The cornea was desensitized and intraocular pressure was measured with an tonopen. Average STT-1 in both eyes was 11±5mm.min -1 , with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.960). Average IOP in both eyes was 20±6mmHg, with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.836). Average STT-1 was lower than, and IOP was the same as normal levels found in dogs. There was no statistical difference in the age of the animals, and STT-1 and IOP values. In the present paper, average maned wolf STT-1 levels were lower compared with those found in dogs, while the IOP was the same in maned wolves as in dogs. Due to the increased incidence in providing emergency care for maned wolf victims of road kill and fires, determination reference values of ocular parameters may improve the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

et al. 2016

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“…To date, only two studies performed in this species evaluated tear secretion and intraocular pressure; however, such parameters were measured in a singular fashion, animals had the same age, and the effect of the time of the day was not assessed (Broadwater et al 2007, Whelan & Thompson 2008. Studies in attempt to standardize intraocular pressure and tear secretion at different hours of the day and in different situations have been carried out in dogs, cats and horses (Gelatt & MacKay 1998, Hartley et al 2005, Del Sole et al 2007, Piccione et al 2008a, Ribeiro et al 2008b, Bertolucci et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardization of ophthalmic parameters in goats is still sparse and needs to be improved (Galán et al 2006, Broadwater et al 2007, Whelan & Thompson 2008). To date, only two studies performed in this species evaluated tear secretion and intraocular pressure; however, such parameters were measured in a singular fashion, animals had the same age, and the effect of the time of the day was not assessed (Broadwater et al 2007, Whelan & Thompson 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

et al. 2010

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This study aimed to compare the normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear secretion, by means of applanation tonometry and the Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), in goats of the Saanen breed with different ages, and at different time points. Thirty six goats, free of ocular abnormalities, were grouped into three different age categories (n=12), animals with 45, 180 and 549 days of age. STT-1 and IOP measurements were carried out always at 9:00am and 7:00pm, during three consecutive days. Results were evaluated statistically (P<0.05). Regarding the time of the day, overall IOP values were significantly lower at 7:00 pm (P<0.001) in individuals with 45 days of age; whereas STT-1 values were significantly higher at 7:00pm (P=0.004) in goats with 549 days of age. Considering the sum of three days, both parameters were significantly lower in individuals with 45 days of age (P<0.001). Intraocular pressure and tear secretion values increase until 180 days of age in the Saanen breed of goats.INDEX TERMS: Ophthalmic semiotechnique, intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test-1, goats.

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Eye disease

2016

Diseases of the Goat

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Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (Capra hicus)

Abstract: Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats, including normal means and ranges for STT and IOP measurements, using applanation and rebound tonometry, are provided.

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

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