Open-Source Tool for Transforming CityGML Levels of Detail

Malhotra, Avichal; Raming, Simon; Frisch, Jérôme; Treeck, Christoph van

doi:10.3390/en14248250

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Commonly, the representation of existing buildings is already developed in the form of LoD1 data models, which, however, differ depending on the specificity of the object. This, in turn, may render it difficult for researchers and urban planners to perform their analyses [11,66]. As future works, the possibility of performing a geometric analysis of models and their complex surfaces, taking into account roof types, is also foreseen for new buildings added to the portals under the account of energy and environmental interrelations and sustainable energy use in buildings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the petroleum industry, BIM can be used in the simulation and assessment of possible threats, enabling the development of effective security measures [10]. Cities and urban areas converted into a 3D model are used in energy analyses, as what is of significance in the case of energy simulations is information on the height of the object, its shape, and the roof surface [11,12]. These data can also be used for analyses for investment areas and the future location of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of BIM Data in CityGML—Research and Perspectives for Creating a QGIS Plugin for Spatial Analysis: Experience from Poland

Janisio-Pawłowska,

Pawłowski

2024

Sustainability

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The subject of this research was to develop an effective strategy for combining various data sources, including the feasibility of implementing BIM in CityGML into an existing system supported by the GIS program. The study analyzed the path for converting BIM files to the CityGML format and the course of transmission of this data and data from the completed queries to the GIS program. An overview of external sources, map services, tools for acquiring accurate information about the terrain, and IT tools that could potentially be used was also carried out. The collected data proved deficiencies in the geospatial information of the analyzed area, defining the type of missing data necessary for the planned analyses. The results made it possible to determine further work and the basis for developing a plugin for the QGIS program. The plugin should facilitate energy efficiency, urban, and architectural analyses. The article also discusses the future opportunities for developing research directions for developing new 3D models of cities and collecting data for analysis. The analyses took into account the directions of geometric changes in 3D models as the result of the rapid development of digital tools. Ultimately, this research demonstrated the development demand for modern digital tools in the context of spatial and urban analysis, emphasizing the dynamic evolution in the field of GIS and the prospects of accelerating work on the integration of spatial data and their analysis thanks to the possibility of using open-source programs and our own efforts for their expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of BIM Data in CityGML—Research and Perspectives for Creating a QGIS Plugin for Spatial Analysis: Experience from Poland

Janisio-Pawłowska,

Pawłowski

2024

Sustainability

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“…Even so, due to the lower level of detail in the existing data, open data models are often lacking in basic data, such as building geometries. This shortcoming in the heating loads analysis affects the energy consumption results [85]. Figure 1 shows components representing a typical building within the GIS data model.…”

Section: Level Of Details (Lods)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive survey of the urban building energy modeling (UBEM) process and approaches

Yakut

ESEN

2023

International Journal of Energy Studies

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Fossil fuels increase the emission values of greenhouse gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere and cause global warming and climate change. At the same time, fossil fuel reserves are facing depletion in the near future, and energy supply also has an important dimension such as national security and foreign dependency. All these show that turning to renewable energy sources and developing solutions and policies for energy saving has become a necessity both globally and locally. For such reasons, modeling of urban structures, which have a great contribution to energy consumption, and simulating the energy demand on an urban scale are of great importance for the effective use of energy. Research on this has shown that UBEM (Urban Building Energy Modeling) is an effective solution to these problems. However, UBEM contains different technical problems for implementation. Due to its versatility, various concepts related to this field lead to complexity. With this increasing complexity, there is a growing need to compile concepts from a holistic perspective. In this study, it is aimed to create a solution to these challenges. For this purpose, a comprehensive and up-to-date research of various modeling approaches and model creation process used in urban building energy modeling has been conducted. Studies on these approaches are summarized and a systematic review of the literature is made. At the same time, the study is in the nature of guiding and forming the general knowledge level with the basic concepts that should be known to those who will work on UBEM.

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“…However, the guideline did not include discussion of other rooftop shapes, multi-story buildings (e.g., towers, mixed-use developments, and complexes), and a particular case of traditional (localised) design buildings. Few researchers have pursued this subject; for example, [16] model buildings with multiple variations depending on how the building's component is treated in terms of rooftop height (floor count*3 m + 1.5 m). While [17] discussed downscaling and upscaling between LoD1 and LoD2, they did not mention the LoD1 height reference (option).…”

Section: Available Proposed Building Height Reference (Lod1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Automated Height Extrusion and the Selection of Height Reference for LoD 1 SmartKADASTER City Model

Halim

Abdullah

Karim

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This paper discusses the lessons learnt from the SmartKADASTER Phase II city model development project, specifically on the reconstruction of the LoD 1 CityGML models. The LoD 1 models were reconstructed using automated height extrusions, either by creating categorised point clouds or by employing a raster-based equation such as CHM=DSM-DTM. The methods for reconstructing the LoD1 are further elaborated in this study. However, due to the particular nature of Malaysian buildings and inaccurate point cloud classifications, automated height extrusion alone was found to be insufficient to achieve the typical recommended average rooftop height as the LoD1 height reference. Additionally, it was determined that the recommended height reference is also unsuitable for cadastre-based analysis and other beyond cadastre purposes in Malaysia. As a result, this paper will discuss the selection of the LoD1 height reference and suggest the approach to ensure accurate height extrusion of the LoD1 model can be met. Finally, it is hoped that this work will contribute to the body of knowledge by appropriately referencing their 3D models for analysis purposes and raising readers’ awareness of the SmartKADASTER application system.

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Open-Source Tool for Transforming CityGML Levels of Detail

Cited by 7 publications

References 114 publications

Implementation of BIM Data in CityGML—Research and Perspectives for Creating a QGIS Plugin for Spatial Analysis: Experience from Poland

Implementation of BIM Data in CityGML—Research and Perspectives for Creating a QGIS Plugin for Spatial Analysis: Experience from Poland

A comprehensive survey of the urban building energy modeling (UBEM) process and approaches

Implications of Automated Height Extrusion and the Selection of Height Reference for LoD 1 SmartKADASTER City Model

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