Summary In this study, the effect of the working electrode obtained by using different methods and chemicals on the efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is examined. The aim here is to carry out the undoped and metal‐doped TiO2 deposition process by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor is selected to form the working electrode and Niobium (Nb) is used for metal doping. The working electrode is obtained by spraying the previously prepared undoped and Nb‐doped TiO2 solution onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by USP Technique. The working electrodes obtained are used to fabricate DSSC. XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses are performed to examine the surface morphology, crystal structure, and elemental properties of conductive glasses. By assembling the components as a sandwich, two different cells are formed. The efficiency of the cell which has an undoped TiO2 thin film is 0.088%, and the efficiency of the cell which has Nb‐doped TiO2 thin film is 0.375%. These results proved that the doped cell is more efficient than the undoped cell and that it can be produced more economically.

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The aim of this study is to determine the criteria used in the evaluation of renewable energy resources with the extremely high strategic importance that Turkey has and to find their degree of importance. For this purpose, an application has been made to find which criteria come to the fore and the weights of these criteria in order to evaluate Turkey's renewable energy resources. Five main criteria (technical, economic, environmental, social, and political) and a total of 22 sub-criteria related to these criteria were included in the scope of the study. Fuzzy SWARA method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, has been used in the study. According to the results of the analysis, the most important criterion among the main criteria was “environmental criteria.” As a result, it has shown the importance of the priority criteria for Turkey and environmental evaluation criteria, which are important for the common future of humanity in parallel with the results in the world.

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