Online analysis: Deeper insights into water quality dynamics in spring water

Page, Rebecca M.; Besmer, Michael D.; Epting, Jannis; Sigrist, Jürg A.; Hammes, Frederik; Huggenberger, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.204

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Online FCM with an automatic system for sampling, staining, and cleaning has quickly gained attention and consideration throughout the water sector over the past years to quantify both total and intact bacterial cell counts 22,36,[38][39][40] . The real-time monitoring of bacterial cell numbers through online FCM can be helpful to indicate locations of concern throughout the distribution network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online characterization of bacterial processes in drinking water systems

2020

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The use of traditional drinking water microbial quality monitoring methods, including heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) and total coliform counts, are not only laborious and time-consuming but also do not readily allow identification of risk areas in the network. Furthermore, if areas of concern are identified, and mitigation measures are taken, it takes days before the effectiveness of these measures is known. This study identified flow cytometry (FCM) as an online sensor technology for bacterial water quality monitoring in the distribution network. We monitored the total bacterial cell numbers and biodiversity in a drinking water distribution system (DWDS) using an online FCM. Two parallel online FCM monitoring systems were installed on two different locations at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP; Saudi Arabia) supplying chlorinated water to the distribution and in the network 3.6 km away from the DWTP. The FCMs were operated at the same time in parallel to assess the biological stability in DWDSs. The flow cytometric data was compared with the conventional water quality detection methods (HPC and total coliforms). HPC and total coliforms were constantly below the detection limits, while the FCM provided detectable total cell count data and enabled the quantification of changes in the drinking water both with time and during distribution. Results demonstrate the value of FCM as a tool for compliance monitoring and risk assessment of DWDSs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online characterization of bacterial processes in drinking water systems

2020

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“…Gravity water is also known as spring-water [1,2]. Springs can be formed in various types of rocks, but most of them are found in limestone and dolomite, which are easily readable and can be dissolved by rainwater which in turn causes acidity in the water [3]. When the rocks are dissolved and cracked, spaces will form which allow the flow of water to pass through.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the insitu parameter (pH value, turbidity, temperature, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) for spring-water quality in the villages of Bukit Bendera and Tamalang in Kota Belud area; (2) to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in spring-water; and (3) to determine the quality of spring-water for household consumption by using the water quality standards and drinking water standard of Malaysia and USEPA, 2009. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring-Water as an Alternative Resource After Earthquake for Villagers, Kota Belud Sabah

Tair¹,

Dell²

2018

Geol. behav.

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The earthquake natural disaster at Kundasang Ranau, Sabah in Jun 2015 has strongly impacted the source of water supply in Kota Belud district. Kota Belud is located downstream from Mount Kinabalu, where the source of water for the district once came from before the natural disaster occurred. The earthquake forced the local communities to source for alternative water supply for survival i.e spring-water, also known as gravity water by local communities. The locals depend on the alternative resource to survive even though the water is untreated both physically and chemically. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and water quality (pH value, turbidity, temperature, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) in spring-water from two selected villages; Bukit Bendera and Tamalang, Kota Belud. The samples were collected from two different sources; from the spring-water catchment in the upper hill and from the end user's house water pipes for domestic usages. Sampling repetition was done three times. The results show that there were significant differences (P<0.05) found for pH value, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and Pb for heavy metals at different areas (hill & house) throughout the sampling repetitions. In addition, the turbidity, BOD, and Cd level were found to exceed the permissible level as drinking water. The spring-water at Bukit Bendera and Tamalang village, Kota Belud are safe to use for washing but is not suitable as human consumptions, unless filtered. In conclusion, monitoring of the spring-water quality as an alternative resource after the earthquake is very important as well as precautionary actions for future natural disasters in Sabah.

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“…Similarly to the previously mentioned studies reflecting water source selection internationally, several studies in the Appalachian region have reported that individuals without adequate access to water of sufficient quality or quantity in their home turn to alternative sources to satisfy daily needs [6,13,14,[23][24][25]. These alternative sources are not without their own quality and access challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Based on the differing nature of harmful constituents found in sampled household and spring water, residents may be exposed to different health risks (heavy metals or bacteriological) at different levels depending on their drinking water source selection. Evidence collected on user perceptions in several previous studies in Central Appalachia [6,13,14,[23][24][25], suggested that, based on resident's distrust of their home POU tap water, home samples would have significantly higher concentrations of metals, in particular, aesthetic contaminants such as Fe, Mn, and Al that can alter user experience. Based on several studies of roadside spring water quality in the Appalachian region [6,27], it was anticipated that roadside spring water samples would have higher concentrations of the microbial contaminants total coliform and E. coli, as these have been previously detected in springs across the region.…”

Section: Comparing Home and Spring Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Springing for Safe Water: Drinking Water Quality and Source Selection in Central Appalachian Communities

Patton

Krometis

Sarver

2020

Water

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Issues surrounding water infrastructure, access, and quality are well documented in the Central Appalachian region of the United States. Even in cases where residents have in-home piped point-of-use (POU) water, some rely on alternative drinking water sources for daily needs—including water collection from roadside springs. This effort aims to better understand and document spring usage in this region by identifying the factors that influence drinking water source selection and comparing household and spring water quality to Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) health-based and aesthetic contaminant recommendations. Households were recruited from communities surrounding known springs in three states (Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia). First- and second-draw, in-home POU tap water samples were collected from participating households and compared to samples collected from local springs on the same day. Samples were analyzed for fecal indicator bacteria and inorganic ions. Study participants completed surveys to document perceptions of household drinking water and typical usage. The majority of survey participants (82.6%) did not trust their home tap water due to aesthetic issues. Water quality results suggested that fecal indicator bacteria were more common in spring water, while several metallic ions were recovered in higher concentrations from household samples. These observations highlight that health risks and perceptions may be different between sources.

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Online analysis: Deeper insights into water quality dynamics in spring water

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Online characterization of bacterial processes in drinking water systems

Online characterization of bacterial processes in drinking water systems

Spring-Water as an Alternative Resource After Earthquake for Villagers, Kota Belud Sabah

Springing for Safe Water: Drinking Water Quality and Source Selection in Central Appalachian Communities

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