The earthquake natural disaster at Kundasang Ranau, Sabah in Jun 2015 has strongly impacted the source of water supply in Kota Belud district. Kota Belud is located downstream from Mount Kinabalu, where the source of water for the district once came from before the natural disaster occurred. The earthquake forced the local communities to source for alternative water supply for survival i.e spring-water, also known as gravity water by local communities. The locals depend on the alternative resource to survive even though the water is untreated both physically and chemically. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and water quality (pH value, turbidity, temperature, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids) in spring-water from two selected villages; Bukit Bendera and Tamalang, Kota Belud. The samples were collected from two different sources; from the spring-water catchment in the upper hill and from the end user's house water pipes for domestic usages. Sampling repetition was done three times. The results show that there were significant differences (P<0.05) found for pH value, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and Pb for heavy metals at different areas (hill & house) throughout the sampling repetitions. In addition, the turbidity, BOD, and Cd level were found to exceed the permissible level as drinking water. The spring-water at Bukit Bendera and Tamalang village, Kota Belud are safe to use for washing but is not suitable as human consumptions, unless filtered. In conclusion, monitoring of the spring-water quality as an alternative resource after the earthquake is very important as well as precautionary actions for future natural disasters in Sabah.

Avaliaram-se o consumo de matéria seca, a produção de leite e os indicadores de estresse térmico de vacas Pardo-Suíça alimentadas com castanha de caju no semi-árido do Nordeste do Brasil. Doze animais foram distribuídos em um ensaio de reversão, com quatro tratamentos: 0, 8, 16 e 24% de castanha no concentrado. As vacas receberam cana-de-açúcar à vontade e sete quilos de concentrado por dia. Maior consumo de matéria seca de cana-de-açúcar foi observado no tratamento com concentrado sem castanha (7,70kgMS/dia) em relação aos tratamentos com 16% e 24% de castanha (7,35 e 7,05kgMS/dia, respectivamente). O consumo no tratamento com concentrado sem castanha não diferiu do consumo no tratamento com 8% (7,59kgMS/dia). Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a produção de leite e sobre as variáveis indicativas de estresse térmico (P>0,05).

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The Liwagu River is one of the most reliable river systems in Ranau which had experienced a mudflows event due to massive landslide of Mount Kinabalu. The aim of this study is to determine the water quality and compare the level of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Liwagu River and a non-impacted mudflows of Mansahaban River. Water and sediment were collected from four sampling stations on each river. Water samples were filtered with 0.45 μm membrane filter and acidified to pH<2 and conducted by means of ICP-OES while AAS was used for sediment analysis prior to aqua regia digestion method for the determination of five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn). The Paired T-test shows that there were significant different between impacted and non-impacted river especially for turbidity, conductivity, temperature, Cuw, Crw, Znw, Cds, Crs and Cus, (P<0.05). Liwagu River shows the Cu concentration in sediment and water were exceeded the Guideline for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment quality in Ontario and Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS): >110 mg/kg and >0.02 mg/L, respectively. The correlations coefficient shows that there were significant relationship between heavy metals in water and sediment from Liwagu and Mansahaban River (0.413

Perna viridis (P. viridis) has been identified as a good biological indicator in identifying environmental pollution, especially when there are various types of Heavy Metals Accumulations (HMA) inside its tissue. Based on the potential of P. viridis to accumulate heavy metals and the data on its physical properties, this study proffers to determine the relationships between both properties. The similarities of the physical properties are used to mathematical model their relationships, which included the size (length, width, height) and weight (wet and dry) of P. viridis, whilst the heavy metals are focused on concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Zn. The concentrations of metal elements are detected by using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry. Results show that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, length, width, height, wet weight and dry weight are: 1.12 +/- 1.00, 2.36 +/- 1.65, 2.12 +/- 2.74, 0.44 +/- 0.41 and 16.52 +/- 10.64 mg kg(-1) (dry weight), 105.08 +/- 14.35, 41.64 +/- 4.64, 28.75 +/- 3.92 mm, 14.56 +/- 3.30 and 2.37 +/- 0.86 g, respectively. It is also found out that the relationships between the Heavy Metals Concentrations (HMA) and the physical properties can be represented using Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) models, relating that the HMA of Zinc has affected significantly the physical growth properties of P. viridis.