Heavy Metals Concentration Relationship with Perna viridis Physical Properties in Mengkabong Lagoon, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract

Perna viridis (P. viridis) has been identified as a good biological indicator in identifying environmental pollution, especially when there are various types of Heavy Metals Accumulations (HMA) inside its tissue. Based on the potential of P. viridis to accumulate heavy metals and the data on its physical properties, this study proffers to determine the relationships between both properties. The similarities of the physical properties are used to mathematical model their relationships, which included the size (length, width, height) and weight (wet and dry) of P. viridis, whilst the heavy metals are focused on concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd and Zn. The concentrations of metal elements are detected by using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry. Results show that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, length, width, height, wet weight and dry weight are: 1.12 +/- 1.00, 2.36 +/- 1.65, 2.12 +/- 2.74, 0.44 +/- 0.41 and 16.52 +/- 10.64 mg kg(-1) (dry weight), 105.08 +/- 14.35, 41.64 +/- 4.64, 28.75 +/- 3.92 mm, 14.56 +/- 3.30 and 2.37 +/- 0.86 g, respectively. It is also found out that the relationships between the Heavy Metals Concentrations (HMA) and the physical properties can be represented using Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) models, relating that the HMA of Zinc has affected significantly the physical growth properties of P. viridis.

Heavy metals in marsh clam (Polymesoda expansa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) along the northwest coast of Sabah, Malaysia

“…In green mussel, Pb level (1.04 µg/g) was comparable to the value of 1.12 µg/g and 0.96 µg/g reported by Ismail et al (2000) and Abdullah et al, (2014), respectively. Copper was higher (2.26 to 20.1 µg/g) than that reported by previous studies (Ismail et al, 2000;Kamaruzzaman et al, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2014) but lower than that observed by Denil et al (2017) in Marudu Bay (45.81 µg/g). The concentrations of Cr (20.27 µg/g), Mn (117.0 µg/g), Ni (14.74 µg/g) can be compared with the values documented earlier (Abdullah et al, 2014;Denil et al, 2017) which were 2.12 µg/g, 48.55 µg/g, 8.66 µg/g and 16.52-129.0 µg/g for Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn, respectively.…”

“…This study found Pb content (2.31 µg/g) lower than the previous studies (6.9-10.03 µg/g) conducted by Edward et al (2009) and Dabwan and Taufiq (2016). In green mussel, Pb level (1.04 µg/g) was comparable to the value of 1.12 µg/g and 0.96 µg/g reported by Ismail et al (2000) and Abdullah et al, (2014), respectively. Copper was higher (2.26 to 20.1 µg/g) than that reported by previous studies (Ismail et al, 2000;Kamaruzzaman et al, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2014) but lower than that observed by Denil et al (2017) in Marudu Bay (45.81 µg/g).…”

“…Copper was higher (2.26 to 20.1 µg/g) than that reported by previous studies (Ismail et al, 2000;Kamaruzzaman et al, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2014) but lower than that observed by Denil et al (2017) in Marudu Bay (45.81 µg/g). The concentrations of Cr (20.27 µg/g), Mn (117.0 µg/g), Ni (14.74 µg/g) can be compared with the values documented earlier (Abdullah et al, 2014;Denil et al, 2017) which were 2.12 µg/g, 48.55 µg/g, 8.66 µg/g and 16.52-129.0 µg/g for Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn, respectively. Cr and Mn levels in marsh clam and As in green mussel were not examined before.…”

Factors that contribute to integrity of academicians in Malaysian public university: A case study

“…Integrity in whatever undertakings should be emphasized and should become a compulsory to all. This study is also significant to increase the awareness of the integrity in the institution since public agencies are established with the primary objective of meeting the needs of people and the country (Abdullah and Abdullah, 2016). As Monson et al (2006) believed, a high-quality public service delivery system is required, where integrity should become a vital in creating efficient and disciplined public administration and services.…”

“…The importance of exhibiting integrity to fulfil one's responsibilities cannot be overestimated particularly from the perspective of a government sector. Public agencies are established with the primary objective of meeting the needs of people and the country (Abdullah and Abdullah, 2016). Monson et al (2006) believed that a high-quality public service delivery system is required, and integrity is vital in creating efficient and disciplined public administration and services to achieve the objective.…”