“…In Figure a, the strong oxide peaks on the austenite surface in 2 min were located at 218, 238, 284, 403, and 610 cm −1 , which are the characteristic peaks of α ‐Fe 2 O 3 . The oxides on the ferrite surface comprised Mn 2 O 3 , and the corresponding strong peaks were located at 316, 369, and 658 cm −1 . After oxidation for 5 min (Figure b), the strong peaks of the oxides on the austenite surface were located at 223, 241, 287, 406, 607, and 646 cm −1 , which indicated the existence of Cr 2 O 3 and Mn 2 O 3 in the oxide films on the austenite surface besides the main iron oxides.…”