High‐Temperature Initial Oxidation Behavior in LDX 2101

Abstract

High-temperature initial oxidation behavior at 1000 C in LDX 2101 oxidized in a closed element is studied. The samples are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. Results show differences in morphology and development of oxides on the two phases. In the initial stage, the oxide on austenite is granular, whereas that on the ferrite region is homogeneous. However, the entire surface is full of chromium oxide. In the austenite phase, oxide gradually changes from Fe 2 O 3 to Cr 2 O 3 . By contrast, oxide transforms from Mn 2 O 3 to Fe 2 O 3 and then to Cr 2 O 3 in the ferrite phase. In addition, manganese enrichment is observed in the entire oxidation process.

Thermodynamic Prediction and Experimental Verification of Multiphase Composition of Scale Formed on Reheated Alloy Steels

“…Reheating of such steels in furnaces with combustion atmospheres (CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O, N 2 ) promotes the formation of multilayered scale structures with strong adhesion to steel surface, particularly in the case of high Si and Al steels, [14] which interferes with water jet descaling and leads to inefficient scale removal. The complexity of such RICHARD scale structures has been reported for different steel compositions, such as low to medium carbon steels, [4,6,[15][16][17][18] ferritic stainless steels, [19][20][21] and austenitic stainless steels. [7,[22][23][24][25] These high temperature oxidation studies were performed to document the scale growth kinetics and the mechanisms of scale formation.…”