One‐shot radical polymerization of vinyl monomers with different reactivity accompanying spontaneous delay of polymerization for the synthesis of double‐network hydrogels

Dohi, Shunsuke; Suzuki, Yasuhito; Matsumoto, Akikazu

doi:10.1002/pi.6048

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It was previously reported that methacrylate monomers had a higher copolymerization reactivity than AAm. [ 25,26 ] Therefore, the structure of a polymer network in PMPC50 and PMPC75 hydrogels is not homogeneous. The polymer structure varies as a function of the monomer conversions because the composition of the produced polymer chains depends on the concentration of the monomers in addition to the relative monomer reactivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymer structure varies as a function of the monomer conversions because the composition of the produced polymer chains depends on the concentration of the monomers in addition to the relative monomer reactivity. [ 26 ] The copolymerzation behavior of bisAA is probably similar to AAm, but not to tetra‐EGMA, because the structures of bisAA and tetra‐EGMA are similar to AAm and MPC, respectively. PMPC hydrogels crosslinked with tetra‐EGMA were formed at high monomer concentrations but not at low concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, PMPC50 and PMPC75 hydrogels are fragile. Since methacrylate monomers such as MPC polymerize faster than AAm in the copolymerization, [ 26 ] the heterogeneous network structure was possibly formed to inhibit the lipid removal process. PMPC100 hydrogel was formed by using bisAA, but not by using tetra‐EGMA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels to Optical Tissue Clearing for 3D Fluorescence Imaging

Kojima

Koda

Nariai

et al. 2021

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Zwitterionic polymers have both anion and cation groups in the side chain and have been used in various biomedical applications because of the unique properties. In this study, zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are applied to optical tissue clearing for 3D fluorescence imaging. Polyacrylamide hydrogels have been employed in Clear Lipid‐exchanged Acrylamide‐hybridized Rigid Imaging/Immunostaining/In situ‐hybridization‐compatible Tissue‐hYdrogel method. Zwitterionic polymer hydrogels are produced using zwitterionic monomers, such as 3‐[(3‐acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane‐1‐sulfonate (DAPS) and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and crosslinkers. The hydrogels made from poly(DAPS‐co‐acrylamide) and MPC homopolymers afford the most transparent tumor tissues. However, the tissues cleared using DAPS copolymers‐containing hydrogels became turbid in a refractive index‐matching solution, which are unable to obtain clear 3D fluorescence images. In contrast, the 3D fluorescence imaging is achieved in the MPC polymer‐treated 2‐mm‐thick brain slices after immunostaining. The 3D fluorescence imaging of lung metastasis that is cleared by the MPC hydrogel to demonstrate the possible application to cancer diagnosis is performed. The results indicate the increased potentials of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels, especially MPC polymer hydrogels, in biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels to Optical Tissue Clearing for 3D Fluorescence Imaging

Kojima

Koda

Nariai

et al. 2021

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Synthetic hydrogels are often formed by copolymerizing multifunctional monomers forming covalent bonds. Covalent crosslinking can be obtained either via the application of high energy [ 128 ], producing radicals in the polymer chain or via chemical reactions, such as free radical polymerization [ 129 ]. Alternatively, polymers having functional groups can be crosslinked in a post-polymerization manner using, e.g., click chemistry [ 130 , 131 , 132 ] and Schiff base [ 133 ] crosslinking.…”

Section: Hydrogel Materials In Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping Macromolecules for Sensing Applications—From Polymer Hydrogels to Foldamers

et al. 2022

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Sensors are tools for detecting, recognizing, and recording signals from the surrounding environment. They provide measurable information on chemical or physical changes, and thus are widely used in diagnosis, environment monitoring, food quality checks, or process control. Polymers are versatile materials that find a broad range of applications in sensory devices for the biomedical sector and beyond. Sensory materials are expected to exhibit a measurable change of properties in the presence of an analyte or a stimulus, characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity of the signal. Signal parameters can be tuned by material features connected with the restriction of macromolecule shape by crosslinking or folding. Gels are crosslinked, three-dimensional networks that can form cavities of different sizes and forms, which can be adapted to trap particular analytes. A higher level of structural control can be achieved by foldamers, which are macromolecules that can attain well-defined conformation in solution. By increasing control over the three-dimensional structure, we can improve the selectivity of polymer materials, which is one of the crucial requirements for sensors. Here, we discuss various examples of polymer gels and foldamer-based sensor systems. We have classified and described applied polymer materials and used sensing techniques. Finally, we deliberated the necessity and potential of further exploration of the field towards the increased selectivity of sensory devices.

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“…The highly reactive SS formed an SS-rich copolymer in the early stages of radical copolymerization, followed by the homopolymerization of the less reactive AAm after SS consumption. This unique copolymerization property, termed one-shot/two-step radical polymerization, allows the preparation of double-network-like hydrogels using monomers with distinct reactivities in the presence of a crosslinking agent [ 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, acrylic and methacrylic monomers exhibit varying reactivities, despite sharing the same side chain [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic and Methacrylic Phospholipid-Mimetic Polymer Hydrogels and Their Applications in Optical Tissue Clearing

Dei,

Ishihara,

Matsumoto

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers are mimetic to phospholipids, being widely used as biocompatible polymers. In our previous study, MPC polymer hydrogels proved more effective for optical tissue clearing compared to acrylamide (AAm) polymer hydrogels. In the present study, 2-acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (APC) was synthesized and employed to create hydrogels for a comparative analysis with methacrylic MPC-based hydrogels. APC, an acrylic monomer, was copolymerized with AAm in a similar reactivity. In contrast, MPC, as a methacrylic monomer, demonstrated higher copolymerization reactivity than AAm, leading to a spontaneously delayed two-step polymerization behavior. This suggests that the polymer sequences and network structures became heterogeneous when both methacrylic and acrylic monomers, as well as crosslinkers, were present in the copolymerization system. The molecular weight of the APC polymers was considerably smaller than that of the MPC polymers due to the formation of mid-chain radicals and subsequent β-scission during polymerization. The swelling ratios in water and strain sweep profiles of hydrogels prepared using acrylic and methacrylic compounds differed from those of hydrogels prepared using only acrylic compounds. This implies that copolymerization reactivity influences the polymer network structures and crosslinking density in addition to the copolymer composition. APC-based hydrogels are effective for the optical clearing of tumor tissues and are applicable to both passive and electrophoretic methods.

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One‐shot radical polymerization of vinyl monomers with different reactivity accompanying spontaneous delay of polymerization for the synthesis of double‐network hydrogels

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Application of Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels to Optical Tissue Clearing for 3D Fluorescence Imaging

Application of Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels to Optical Tissue Clearing for 3D Fluorescence Imaging

Shaping Macromolecules for Sensing Applications—From Polymer Hydrogels to Foldamers

Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic and Methacrylic Phospholipid-Mimetic Polymer Hydrogels and Their Applications in Optical Tissue Clearing

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