“One-key-reset” recycling of whole perovskite solar cell

Wang, Kai; Ye, Tao; Huang, Xu; Hou, Yuchen; Yoon, Jungwon; Yang, Dong; Hu, Xiaowen; Jiang, Xiaofang; Wu, Congcong; Zhou, Guofu; Priya, Shashank

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2021.05.023

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Moreover, Wang et al proposed "one-key-reset" recycling strategy for whole PSCs (Figure 12d). [167] The bleaching system based on methylamine and nonpolar solvents was innovatively prepared. And the perovskite module was quickly bleached after being immersed in the bleaching system for a few seconds.…”

Section: Stripping Recovery Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Luo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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of human society. Clean and green solar energy could be converted into electric energy through photovoltaic technologies. This can provide a green and sustainable way for energy utilization. [1][2][3] Inorganicorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising photovoltaic applications, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] owing to the favorable properties of perovskite materials, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, large bipolar mobility, long carrier diffusion length, small exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.7% based on Pb-based perovskites, which has exceeded that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells and exhibited huge a market prospect. [19] However, these perovskite films are prone to be decomposed into the toxic heavy-metal compounds of PbI 2 , Pb, or PbO, etc. because of the uncontrollable environmental condition, including high temperature, high humidity, and strong sunlight. [20,21] The toxicity of Pb leaking from perovskite film has become one of the main obstacles toward commercialization. [22] There have been extensive endeavors to replace Pb with Sn to make the perovskite active layer less toxic, however, Sn-based PSCs demonstrate inferior efficiency and stability compared with their Pb-based counterparts. Thus, the Pb-based perovskites are still indispensable for guaranteeing excellent photoelectric properties and would be the main force of future large-scale applications.The photovoltaic market has been growing rapidly for alleviating energy scarcity and mitigating climate change. The cumulative solar capacity in 2020 reaches ≈773.2 GW around the world. [23] If 20% of this solar capacity is occupied by perovskite solar panels with 500 nm Pb-based perovskite film and ≈20% PCE, 541.24 tons of Pb would be consumed considering ≈0.70 g m −2 of Pb content. [24,25] The widespread deployment of PSCs would provoke a terrible environmental pollution without proper Pb management. World Health Organization (WHO) and many countries have reached a broad consensus on the restriction of the Pb pollution and established strict environmental standards on the Pb usage. Besides, international organizations such as the European Union have also formulated relevant regulations for the management and regulation of waste electrical and electronic equipment, requiring producers to take responsibility for collecting and recycling apparatus waste. [26] Therefore, sustainable Pb management is an essential prerequisite for the commercialization of PSCs. Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for commercialization have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, the toxicity and leakage of heavy metal Pb from perovskite film have become critical obstacles for eco-friendly development. Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, high temperature, or strong sunlight may accelerate the undesired decomp...

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Section: Stripping Recovery Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d) Conceptual schematic of "one-key reset" recycling. Reproduced with permission [167]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.e) Schematic illustration of in situ recycling PbI 2 from PVKSCs and the sequential fabrication of new solar cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Luo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…250 Interestingly, many such efforts of lead recovery have been reported recently. [251][252][253] Although DSSCs have proved to be promising candidates for indoor photovoltaic systems, there are certain challenges. The high cost of ruthenium-based dyes, platinum counter electrodes, and transparent electrodes hinders large-scale commercialization.…”

Section: Energy Advances Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution-processed next generation thin film solar cells for indoor light applications

et al. 2022

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“…[163] Wang et al reported a one-keyreset method for recycling whole PSCs by dissolving perovskite crystals in a nonionic solvent system consisting of methylamine solution and acetonitrile, the recycled devices exhibited a PCE of %20.30%. [164] Overall, the Pb from Pb-based PSCs can be recycled and reused as either PbI 2 [160,161] and other Pb-containing products. [152] The efficiency of regenerated PSCs by recycled PbI 2 can compete with the devices fabricated with fresh materials.…”

Section: In Situ Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb‐Based Photovoltaics

Yan

Feng

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are established as a highly promising next-generation photovoltaics (PVs) technology due to their superior optoelectronic properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier excitation, and transport ability. [1][2][3][4][5] In just a few years, it has achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25.7%, comparable to silicon PVs. [6][7][8][9] While Pb-based PSCs exhibit exceptional promise for mass production, [10][11][12] there are growing concerns about their environmental impact due to the potential toxicity and leaching of harmful Pb species throughout their lifetime.Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are another promising candidate for the nextgeneration PV application, which has received enormous attention because of the excellent optical and electronic properties enabled by their unique size-dependent quantum confinement. [13][14][15] Pb chalcogenide QDs (e.g., PbS, PbSe) are among the most promising nanoparticle (NP) materials in PVs, with certified PCEs as high as 13.8% in PbS QDSCs. [16,17] The low-cost and scalable solution-based processing methods can offer QDs a wide range of bandgaps, and generally better stability than organic chromophores. Despite the continuously increasing PCEs of QDSCs, device stability remains a significant challenge for industrial applications. Beyond PV, QDs have further demonstrated their promising application in biomedical imaging, display and electronics industries. Similar to Pb-based PSCs, growing concerns also arise from their potential Pb 2þ toxicity, Emerging Pb-based photovoltaic (PV) technologies, including in particular solution processed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and Pb chalcogenide quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), are among the most promising next-generation PV technologies for a range of disruptive energy and electronic applications. However, the potential toxicity and leakage of hazardous Pb species have become one of the main barriers to their large-scale application. When solar cells are subject to physical damage or failure of encapsulation, rapid leakage of Pb may occur, which can be accelerated by exposure to external environmental weathering conditions such as rainfall and elevated temperature. Herein, an in-depth investigation on the essential role of Pb in PSCs and QDSCs, as well as common causes of Pb leakage, is undertaken. The hazardous effects of Pb toxicity on soil plants, bacteria, animals, and human cells are also evaluated. Recent progress in developing effective strategies for Pb leakage reduction, such as Pb-free or Pb-less perovskite materials, device architecture design, encapsulation absorbers for PSCs, and core-shell structure and ligand exchange method for QDSCs, in addition to Pb recycling strategies of end-of-life solar cells are summarized. This review provides quantitative insights into the future development of eco-friendly emerging Pb-based PV technologies.

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“One-key-reset” recycling of whole perovskite solar cell

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Solution-processed next generation thin film solar cells for indoor light applications

Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb‐Based Photovoltaics

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