On the use of "effective dose" (<i>E</i>) in medical exposures

As, Pradhan; Kim, JL; Ji, Lee

doi:10.4103/0971-6203.94739

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These facts, about different possibilities in the use of CBCT, emphasise the importance of knowledge in QA optimisation, in order to work according to the ALARA principle [ 1 ]. In this context the relevant question also arises if it is suitable to express dose as effective dose, if the irradiated volume is very small [ 20-24 ]. This is emphasized by the facts that the tissue types included in the ICRP 103 weight factor table and which are irradiated in a CBCT examination (red bone marrow, parotid gland, oral mucosa, thyroid gland, skin, bone surfaces, brain, extrathoracic tissue and lymph nodes) either have a low weight factor or are irradiated only to a small fraction (or both).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Swedish and Norwegian Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: a Questionnaire Study

Hol¹,

Torgersen²,

Møystad³

et al. 2015

JOMR

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ObjectivesCone-beam computed tomography in dentistry can be used in some countries by other dentists than specialists in radiology. The frequency of buying cone-beam computed tomography to examine patients is rapidly growing, thus knowledge of how to use it is very important. The aim was to compare the outcome of an investigation on the use of cone-beam computed tomography in Sweden with a previous Norwegian study, regarding specifically technical aspects.Material and MethodsThe questionnaire contained 45 questions, including 35 comparable questions to Norwegian clinics one year previous. Results were based on inter-comparison of the outcome from each of the two questionnaire studies.ResultsResponses rate was 71% in Sweden. There, most of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations performed by dental nurses, while in Norway by specialists. More than two-thirds of the CBCT units had a scout image function, regularly used in both Sweden (79%) and Norway (75%). In Sweden 4% and in Norway 41% of the respondents did not wait for the report from the radiographic specialist before initiating treatment.ConclusionsThe bilateral comparison showed an overall similarity between the two countries. The survey gave explicit and important knowledge of the need for education and training of the whole team, since radiation dose to the patient could vary a lot for the same kind of radiographic examination. It is essential to establish quality assurance protocols with defined responsibilities in the team in order to maintain high diagnostic accuracy for all examinations when using cone-beam computed tomography for patient examinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Swedish and Norwegian Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: a Questionnaire Study

Hol¹,

Torgersen²,

Møystad³

et al. 2015

JOMR

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“…Nevertheless, the use of the effective dose to state the stochastic harm to patients from ionizing radiation is sometimes criticized (Valentin, 2007;McCollough et al, 2010;Pradhan et al, 2012). The effective dose is not expressed in terms of sex and age, while the REID values vary with age and gender (Clarke et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi

Chaparian

2015

Radioprotection

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-Increasing concern has been expressed in the literature that the knowledge of physicians regarding the radiation risk values incurred during different radiological examinations is inadequate. This study determined the amount of organ doses and the radiation risks involved in pediatric radiology in terms of the age and sex of patients. The X-ray examinations of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and skull in patients of six age groups (newborn, 1-, 5-, 10-and 15-year-old, and adult) were investigated. Exposure data of 480 patients were collected from four radiology departments and then Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) values for standard patients in the six age groups as well as five X-ray examinations were measured. By using these practical data, the risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID) values were estimated based on the risk models of the BEIR VII committee. It was shown that the differences in REID values in male and female patients were statistically significant for the chest and pelvis X-ray examinations. The X-rays of the abdomen, chest and pelvis have the highest REID values in 15-, 10-and 15-year-old patients, respectively. The results obtained can help physicians to make suitable decisions about the execution and justification of every X-ray examination in the different age groups. This information will help to prevent either overestimation or underestimation of radiation risks.

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“…Extrapolation from data on survivors exposed to more than 200 mSv, using a linear no-threshold model to predict effects at lower doses, yields an estimate of the relative risk of cancer (excluding leukemias) (6)(7)(8) equal to 0.41% for each 10 mSv increment. The risk estimation in the present perspective as for the LNT model, the validity of assumption of linearity of dose response at low doses is recognized to remain in doubt (9) . In this review it was clari+ied that ICRP's recommendations (1) are aimed at prospectively for planning and optimization of occupational and public exposures and retrospectively for demonstrating compliance with dose limits for regulatory purposes in radiological protection; Table 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An analysis of personnel dose reports in medical radiation occupational workers from an oncology center

Sathiyan

Ravikumar

Ravichandran

2016

IJRR

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Background: To evaluate the risk involved, there is need to know the quantum of personnel exposures in whole service. Dose reports from an Oncology Centre over 7 block periods, 5 years each from 1979 $ll 2013 are analyzed. Materials and Methods: Personnel monitoring (PM) reports $ll 1990s with film badges and later thermoluminescent (TL) badges (CaSo 4 .Dy) were evaluated. 35 years total service was taken to represent total professional service of staff superannua$ng at age 60 years. Results: Mean personnel equivalent dose for 5 year block period is 3.30±0.43 mSv (n=7 blocks). Maximum dose in any block period was 30-60 mSv. Equivalent doses 22% were zero, 64.3% within 5 mSv. 2.1% were above 30 mSv in 5 year periods. Doses were decreasing order 11.8 mSv (radiopharmaceu$cal prepara$on), 4.3 mSv (nuclear medicine), 4.1 mSv (medical physics), 2.2 mSv (brachytherapy); 1.2 mSv (radiodiagnosis), 1.1 mSv (external beam radiotherapy) and 0.73 mSv (radia$on steriliza$on plant). Conclusion: The whole body personnel dose in are much lower than recommended annual dose equivalent limits of 100 mSv/ 5 years. The magnitude of recorded doses to staff show that the risk is negligible and the principle of ALARA is being prac$ced in the work areas.

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On the use of "effective dose" (E) in medical exposures

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of Swedish and Norwegian Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: a Questionnaire Study

Comparison of Swedish and Norwegian Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: a Questionnaire Study

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

An analysis of personnel dose reports in medical radiation occupational workers from an oncology center

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