Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi, Hossein; Chaparian, Ali

doi:10.1051/radiopro/2014023

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There was no statistically significant differences in kVp, mAs, height, weight, and field size [26,27,29,35,37,38], but the field size in this study was significantly higher compared to other studies, which may have accounted for the unusual high dose observed in the 4 age groups [26,29,35].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Estimation of dose and cancer risk to newborn from chest X-ray in South-South Nigeria: a call for protocol optimization

Omojola

Akpochafor

Adeneye

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background The use of X-ray as a diagnostic tool for complication and anomaly in the neonatal patient has been helpful, but the effect of radiation on newborn stands to increase their cancer risk. This study aims to determine the mean, 50th percentile (quartile 2 (Q2)), and 75th percentile (quartile 3 (Q3)) entrance surface dose (ESD) from anteroposterior (AP) chest X-ray and to compare our findings with other relevant studies. The study used calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), which was positioned on the central axis of the patient. The encapsulated TLD chips were held to the patients’ body using paper tape. The mean kilovoltage peak (kVp) and milliampere seconds (mAs) used was 56.63(52–60) and 5.7 (5–6.3). The mean background TLD counts were subtracted from the exposed TLD counts and a calibration factor was applied to determine ESD. Results The mean ESDs of the newborn between 1 and 7, 8 and 14, 15 and 21, and 22 and 28 days were 1.09 ± 0.43, 1.15 ± 0.50, 1.19 ± 0.45, and 1.32 ± 0.47 mGy respectively. A one-way ANOVA test shows that there were no differences in the mean doses for the 4 age groups (P = 0.597). The 50th percentile for the 4 age groups was 1.07, 1.26, 1.09, and 1.29 mGy respectively, and 75th percentile were 1.41, 1.55, 1.55, and 1.69 mGy respectively. The mean effective dose (ED) in this study was 0.74 mSv, and the estimated cancer risk was 20.7 × 10−6. Conclusion ESD was primarily affected by the film-focus distance (FFD) and the patient field size. The ESD at 75th percentile and ED in this study was higher compared to other national and international studies. The estimated cancer risk to a newborn was below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) limit for fatal childhood cancer (2.8 × 10−2Sv−1).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Estimation of dose and cancer risk to newborn from chest X-ray in South-South Nigeria: a call for protocol optimization

Omojola

Akpochafor

Adeneye

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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“…Another difference between the REID values in our study and the other studies can be due to the fact that in the other studies, for obtaining cancer risk, the effective dose was simply multiplied by constant coef icients, while in our study, risk assessment was done based on the models published by the BEIR VII (14) . In general, the REID values for dental radiographies are about 10 times smaller than ones of conventional radiographies (29,30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing intra-oral and panoramic dental radiographies using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations

Chaparian

Dehghanzade

2017

IJRR

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Background: Radia on doses associated with the conven onal dental radiographies are rela vely low, but their number is high. Therefore, jus fica on is necessary to ensure that radia on doses to pa ents, par cularly children, are kept as low as reasonably achievable. Materials and Methods: The exposure factors applied for real pa ents in four age groups (5, 10, 15-year-old and adult) were obtained for conven onal dental radiographies, periapical, bitewing, and panoramic. The dose-area product (DAP) values were measured for every dental radiographies. The risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID) was es mated for every dental radiographies in different age groups and in both genders. Results: The range of the REID values in periapical radiography were 1.3 to 20.9 per ten million for male pa ents, and 1.6 to 28.3 per ten million for female pa ents in different age groups. The range of REID values in bitewing radiography were 1.5 to 11.2 per ten million for male, and 1.9 to 13.2, per ten million for female in different age groups. The mean of REID values in panoramic radiography were 7.32, 4.70, 3.55, and 2.1 per ten million for male pa ents in 5-, 10-, and 15-year-old and adult age groups, respec vely, and were 9.43, 5.86, 4.25 and 2.41 per ten million for female pa ents in 5, 10, 15-year-old and adult age groups, respec vely. Conclusion: In accordance with the results of the present study, the overall risk of cancer from radia on in children was more than adult and in female pa ents is more than male pa ents in dental X-ray examina ons.

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“…Similar findings have been reported elsewhere in the literature. 9,21 Gonad protection is significant in pelvic radiography; the germ cells within the gonads are susceptible to radiation damage such as genetic and somatic malignancies. 6 Irradiating the lower part of the colon and pelvis bone is an added concern in paediatric pelvic radiography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth Radioprotective Gonadal Shields: Prevalence of Use and Effect on Image Quality during Paediatric Pelvic Radiography

Karami¹,

Zabihzadeh²,

Shams³

2018

Hong Kong J Radiol

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Objective: Traditional lead gonadal shields may not be effective to reduce radiation exposure, owing to poor compliance from radiographers and frequent repeated examinations due to obscured diagnostic areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bismuth shields on image quality during paediatric pelvic radiography. Methods: We previously developed bismuth radioprotective gonadal shields for use in paediatric pelvic radiography at our institution. We retrospectively retrieved and reviewed radiographic images from an existing digital image library. All images were examined for the presence and accurate positioning of gonadal shields. The diagnostic image quality was assessed by an experienced evaluation panel with selected imaging criteria adapted from the European guidelines. Results: A bismuth shield was present in 154 of 198 radiographs of boys and in 170 of 182 radiographs of girls. In boys, the shield protected the testes area adequately in 92 images and partially in 51 images. The shield obscured the remaining 11 images, rendering image quality suboptimal according to the European guidelines. In girls, the shield protected the ovaries adequately in 169 images and partially in one image. No significant differences were seen between the quality of shielded and non-shielded images. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that these shields do not have a detrimental effect on image quality and can be recommended for routine use.

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Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Estimation of dose and cancer risk to newborn from chest X-ray in South-South Nigeria: a call for protocol optimization

Estimation of dose and cancer risk to newborn from chest X-ray in South-South Nigeria: a call for protocol optimization

Evaluation of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing intra-oral and panoramic dental radiographies using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations

Bismuth Radioprotective Gonadal Shields: Prevalence of Use and Effect on Image Quality during Paediatric Pelvic Radiography

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