On the Sympathetic Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat

Nordenfelt, I.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1965.sp001770

Cited by 5 publications

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References 4 publications

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“…Among more recent investigators Richins and Kuntz [1953] found little or no secretion. Some secretion was recorded by Str6mblad [1955], Ohlin and Stromblad [1958], Cragg [1965] and Nordenfelt [1965], but Fritz and Botelho [1969] obtained neither flow of saliva nor secretory potentials when the cervical sympathetic trunk was stimulated. …”

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The Secretory Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat: An Unexpected Component

Ekström

Emmelin

1974

Exp Physiol

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After section and degeneration of the auriculo-temporal nerve in cats, parotid secretion could still be elicited by injecting eserine into the gland, by application of citric acid to the tongue or by electrical stimulation of afferent oral nerves, and choline acetyltransferase activity could be demonstrated in extracts of the gland. The secretion obtained was not mediated via sympathetic nerves, although electrical stimulation of such nerves caused some secretion from most glands. Cholinergic secretory fibres mainly or wholly responsible for the remaining secretion after section of the auriculo-temporal nerve were traced along the internal maxillary artery.It has been known for a long time that the secretory innervation of the parotid gland is more complicated in humans and dogs than the usual textbook accounts of it [see Babkin, 1950]. In dogs, for instance, some secretion can be elicited reflexly even after section of the auriculo-temporal nerve, and additional cholinergic secretory fibres were recently found in close connection with the internal maxillary artery [Holmberg, 1971]. Some observations in cats suggest that in them too secretory fibres may travel to the parotid gland outside the auriculo-temporal nerve. The secretory response to various cholinesterase inhibitors was found to be greatly diminished after section and degeneration of the auriculo-temporal nerve, but it did not entirely disappear [Emmelin and Stromblad, 1958a], and after this operation some choline acetyltransferase activity remained in the gland [Nordenfelt, 1963]. In histochemical studies Garrett [1966] could still detect some cholinesterase-positive nerves in association with the acini 6 days after sympathectomy and avulsion of the auriculotemporal nerve.Experiments on the effect of denervation and reinnervation of the parotid gland of the cat [Ekstr6m and Emmelin, 1973] showed that some secretion could be elicited reflexly shortly after section of the auriculo-temporal nerve.These observations were the starting-point of the present investigation. Not only had unknown parasympathetic nerves to be considered, but also the sympathetic innervation; it is generally agreed that in dogs -stimulation of sympathetic nerves causes no parotid secretion, but in cats this is a matter of dispute. No parotid secretion on sympathetic stimulation was obtained by v. Wittich [1867] whereas Navrocki [1868] usually saw some secretion and Bradford [1887] described the response as copious. Among more recent investigators Richins and Kuntz [1953] found little or no secretion. Some secretion was recorded by Str6mblad [1955], Ohlin and Stromblad [1958], Cragg [1965] and Nordenfelt [1965], but Fritz and Botelho [1969] obtained neither flow of saliva nor secretory potentials when the cervical sympathetic trunk was stimulated.

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The Secretory Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat: An Unexpected Component

Ekström

Emmelin

1974

Exp Physiol

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Effects of surgical denervations on the autonomic nerves in parotid glands of dogs

Garrett

Holmberg

1972

Z.Zellforsch

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Acetylcholine synthesis and its dependence on nervous activity

Ekström

1978

Experientia

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The findings discussed in this paper mainly derived from studies on salivary glands, serving as model organs, indicate that the capacity to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as judged by the activity of choline acetyltransferase, is influenced by the traffic of nerve impulses, as a long term effect. In the glands, choline acetyltransferase seems to be exclusively localized to the cholinergic nerves. In the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves of the glands, the activity of choline acetyltransferase decreases when the flow of secretory impulses in these nerves is abolished or reduced either by isolating the nerves from the central nervous system, surgically or pharmacologically, or by diminishing the reflex activation of the glands from the mouth. The opposite occurs when the reflex activation of the salivary glands is enhanced, i.e. the activity of choline acetyltransferase increases. Observations on various other organs are quoted in support of the view that the traffic of nerve impulses is of importance for the activity of the enzyme. An increase in choline acetyltransferase activity also occurs in some salivary glands after sympathetic denervation. This puzzling observation is discussed in relation to impulse traffic. Increased nerve impulse traffic and collateral sprouting seem to be responsible for the rapid restitution of choline acetyltransferase activity from a low level in an organ partially deprived of its cholinergic nerve supply.

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On the Sympathetic Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

The Secretory Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat: An Unexpected Component

The Secretory Innervation of the Parotid Gland of the Cat: An Unexpected Component

Effects of surgical denervations on the autonomic nerves in parotid glands of dogs

Acetylcholine synthesis and its dependence on nervous activity

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