On the Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs

Zhang, Jiayi; Dai, Linglong; Sun, Siqi; Wang, Zhaocheng

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2016.2535132

Cited by 239 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To compute the expected values in (23), the estimate of the transmit signal in (22) can be expanded by using the relation in (10) …”

Section: Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approximation can even be good for some frequency-flat channels ( = 1) when the received power ∑ =1 is small relative to the noise power 0 or when the number of users is large and there is no dominant user, i.e., no user for which ≫ ∑ ′ ≠ ′ ′ . For general frequency-flat channels, however, it is not true that the variance of the quantization error vanishes with increasing number of antennas, as it does in the limit → ∞ in (26); this seems to be overlooked in some of the literature [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

Mollén

Choi

Larsson

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

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The high hardware complexity of a massive mimo base station, which requires hundreds of radio chains, makes it challenging to build commercially. One way to reduce the hardware complexity and power consumption of the receiver is to lower the resolution of the analog-todigital converters (adcs). We derive an achievable rate for a massive mimo system with arbitrary quantization and use this rate to show that adcs with as low as 3 bits can be used without significant performance loss at spectral efficiencies around 3.5 bpcu per user, also under interference from stronger transmitters and with some imperfections in the automatic gain control.

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“…To compute the expected values in (23), the estimate of the transmit signal in (22) can be expanded by using the relation in (10) …”

Section: Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

Mollén

Choi

Larsson

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One extreme case is that all receive antennas at the BS use high‐resolution ADCs (eg, 10 to 12 bits), which is considered in the conventional massive MIMO systems . The other extreme case is that all receive antennas at the BS use low‐resolution ADCs (eg, 1 to 3 bits), which is considered in the recent massive MIMO systems . The third compromising case is termed as mixed‐ADC massive MIMO, in which a portion of high‐resolution ADCs are connected to some BS antennas, whereas the remained ones employ low‐resolution ADCs …”

Section: Systems Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparison with these references, in which the performance analysis is not investigated, * we derive the sum achievable rate for the considered detectors with perfect and imperfect CSI, respectively. In contrast to previous works, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] where only low-resolution ADCs or mixed-ADC architectures are considered, we focus on the massive MIMO system with variable resolution ADCs and provide the performance analysis of the detectors mentioned previously. Moreover, we estimate the equivalent channel based on the variable resolution ADCs instead of estimating the channel by using high-resolution ADCs in a round-robin manner for each receiver antenna at the BS.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work was extended by taking the quantization error into account . Offering an analytical tractability, the additive quantization noise model (AQNM) was adopted to derive the achievable rate of massive MIMO systems with low‐resolution ADCs in Rayleigh and Rician fading channels using MRC detection. Over these two fading channels, the performance of mixed‐ADC massive MIMO systems was also analyzed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance analysis of uplink massive MIMO systems with variable‐resolution ADCs using MMSE and MRC detection

Xiong

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In this paper, we analyze the performance of uplink massive multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) systems with variable‐resolution analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), ie, each receive antenna uses a pair of ADCs with arbitrary resolution. Given that the minimum mean square error (MMSE) or the maximum ratio combining (MRC) detection can be employed at the base station (BS); using perfect channel state information (CSI) and results from the random matrix theory, we first derive the closed‐form approximate expression of sum achievable rate for these two type detectors, respectively. Suppose that only imperfect CSI is available at the BS. We then provide a scheme to estimate the equivalent channel based on the classical linear MMSE technique and derive the sum achievable rate using the estimated equivalent channel. Moreover, to improve the system performance, we take the impacts of channel estimation error and quantization noise into account and achieve the corresponding analytical results. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate our theoretical analysis and provide some insights on the massive MIMO systems with variable resolution ADCs. Additionally, for the MMSE and MRC detector with perfect and imperfect CSI in the considered architecture, the trade‐off between the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency is investigated as well.

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5G‐oriented non‐orthogonal multiple access technology

Zhang

Yang

2020

Int J Communication

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Summary With the changes of the times and the rapid development of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, network communications are facing increasingly severe challenges. Due to the user exclusivity of the orthogonal resources of the existing orthogonal multiple access technology, it is difficult for the number of accessible users and the spectral efficiency to meet the application requirements of network communications. 5G technology will meet the diverse business needs of people in various scenarios such as life, work, leisure, and transportation. This paper analyzes the 5G‐oriented non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology and designs and implements a NOMA technology simulation platform laboratory based on 5G technology. The entire simulation experiment adopts a modular design concept so that it can be modified and extended in the future network communication. In this paper, the user pairing scheme and power allocation algorithm of NOMA technology are studied in depth. For the user pairing scheme, this paper adopts two schemes: traversal search pairing scheme and grouping pairing scheme. For the same algorithm for power allocation, this paper studies two suboptimal power allocation algorithms including fixed power allocation and partial transmission power allocation. Simulation experiments show that the average cell throughput and cell edge user throughput of NOMA are slightly lower than when the traversal search pairing scheme is adopted: the average cell throughput has decreased by approximately 4%, and the cell edge user throughput has decreased by approximately 1.6%. The packet pairing scheme is a compromise between complexity and throughput performance. For different power allocation factor values, the overall throughput performance of some transmission power allocation algorithms is better than the flower pollination algorithm (FPA).

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On the Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs

Cited by 239 publications

References 16 publications

Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

Achievable uplink rates for massive MIMO with coarse quantization

Performance analysis of uplink massive MIMO systems with variable‐resolution ADCs using MMSE and MRC detection

5G‐oriented non‐orthogonal multiple access technology

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