On the Solubility and Stability of Polyvinylidene Fluoride

Marshall, Jean E.; Zhenova, Anna; Roberts, Samuel C.; Petchey, Tabitha H. M.; Zhu, Pengcheng; Dancer, Claire E. J.; McElroy, Con Robert; Kendrick, Emma; Goodship, Vannessa

doi:10.3390/polym13091354

Cited by 132 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Likewise, the solubility of PVDF (added as a binder) in the examined solutions is expected to be negligible since HCl is not to be known for dissolving PVDF. [26] Phosphate tends to dissolve in the solution at a pH level of around 1.0. In fact, through leaching the mixture in a solution with a pH = 1.0, most of the phosphate phase can be dissolved in the solution and form LaPO 4 after calcination (Figure 3).…”

Section: Efficiency Of the Acid Leaching/alkali Precipitation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Recycling of LLZO Solid Electrolyte Exemplarily Performed on LFP/LLZO/LTO Cells**

et al. 2022

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All‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries (ASS‐LIBs) are promising due to their safety and higher energy density as compared to that of conventional LIBs. Over the next few decades, tremendous amounts of spent ASS‐LIBs will reach the end of their cycle life and would require recycling in order to address the waste management issue along with reduced exploitation of rare elements. So far, only very limited studies have been conducted on recycling of ASS‐LIBS. Herein, we investigate the recycling of the Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid‐state electrolyte in a LiFePO 4 /LLZO/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 system using a hydrometallurgical approach. Our results show that different concentration of the leaching solutions can significantly influence the final product of the recycling process. However, it was possible to recover relatively pure La 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 to re‐synthesize the cubic LLZO phase, whose high purity was confirmed by XRD measurements.

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Section: Efficiency Of the Acid Leaching/alkali Precipitation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Recycling of LLZO Solid Electrolyte Exemplarily Performed on LFP/LLZO/LTO Cells**

et al. 2022

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“…Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) is the most widely used binder, as it ensures good electrochemical stability and optimal performances [ 6 ]. However, it is processed by using a harmful organic solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) [ 7 ], which is also expensive and has a boiling point of about 203 °C, thus requiring high temperatures for its removal during electrode fabrication [ 8 ]. Another common polymeric binder is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that is processable as a dispersion in water but it is a fluorinated material as PVDF [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Evaluation of Sustainable Binders for Environmentally Friendly Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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Environmentally friendly energy storage devices have been fabricated by using functional materials obtained from completely renewable resources. Gelatin, chitosan, casein, guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose have been investigated as sustainable and low-cost binders within the electrode active material of water-processable symmetric carbon-based supercapacitors. Such binders are selected from natural-derived materials and industrial by-products to obtain economic and environmental benefits. The electrochemical properties of the devices based on the different binders are compared by using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge curves and impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated supercapacitors exhibit series resistance lower than a few ohms and values of the specific capacitance ranged between 30 F/g and 80 F/g. The most performant device can deliver ca. 3.6 Wh/kg of energy at a high power density of 3925 W/kg. Gelatin, casein and carboxymethyl cellulose-based devices have shown device stability up to 1000 cycles. Detailed analysis on the charge storage mechanisms (e.g., involving faradaic and non-faradaic processes) at the electrode/electrolyte interface reveals a pseudocapacitance behavior within the supercapacitors. A clear correlation between the electrochemical performances (e.g., cycle stability, capacitance retention, series resistance value, coulombic efficiency) ageing phenomena and charge storage mechanisms within the porous carbon-based electrode have been discussed.

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“…The temperature of MEK was kept at room temperature (25 • C), while the temperature of the PP coating solution was maintained at 75-80 • C. This was to prevent any instance of the rapid dissolution of the PVDF membrane into the PP solution, causing a disoriented coating layer [29]. Theoretically, MEK is not a non-solvent for PVDF, since it acts as a solvent to a certain degree [30]. Evidently, this is also proven by Bottino et al [31], where the solubility of PVDF was tested on 64 different solvents.…”

Section: Pp Coating Solution Interaction With and Without The Non-solvent Pvdf Hollow Fiber Membrane Surface Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Solvent Influence of Hydrophobic Polymeric Layer Deposition on PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO2 Gas Absorption

2021

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The implementation of hydrophobicity on membranes is becoming crucial in current membrane technological development, especially in membrane gas absorption (MGA). In order to prevent membrane wetting, a polypropylene (PP) dense layer coating was deposited on a commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane as a method of enhancing surface hydrophobicity. The weight concentration of PP pellets was varied from 10 mg mL−1 to 40 mg mL−1 and dissolved in xylene. A two-step dip coating was implemented where the PVDF membrane was immersed in a non-solvent followed by a polymer coating solution. The effects of the modified membrane with the non-solvent methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and without the non–solvent was investigated over all weight concentrations of the coating solution. The SEM investigation found that the modified membrane surface transfiguration formed microspherulites that intensified as PP concentration increased with and without MEK. To understand the coating formation further, the solvent–non-solvent compatibility with the polymer was also discussed in this study. The membrane characterizations on the porosity, the contact angle, and the FTIR spectra were also conducted in determining the polymer coating properties. Hydrophobic membrane was achieved up to 119.85° contact angle and peak porosity of 87.62% using MEK as the non-solvent 40 mg mL−1 PP concentration. The objective of the current manuscript was to test the hydrophobicity and wetting degree of the coating layer. Hence, physical absorption via the membrane contactor using CO2 as the feed gas was carried out. The maximum CO2 flux of 3.33 × 10−4 mol m−2 s−1 was achieved by 25 mg modified membrane at a fixed absorbent flow rate of 100 mL min−1 while 40 mg modified membrane showed better overall flux stability.

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On the Solubility and Stability of Polyvinylidene Fluoride

Cited by 132 publications

References 221 publications

Towards Recycling of LLZO Solid Electrolyte Exemplarily Performed on LFP/LLZO/LTO Cells**

Towards Recycling of LLZO Solid Electrolyte Exemplarily Performed on LFP/LLZO/LTO Cells**

A Comparative Evaluation of Sustainable Binders for Environmentally Friendly Carbon-Based Supercapacitors

Non-Solvent Influence of Hydrophobic Polymeric Layer Deposition on PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO2 Gas Absorption

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