On the response of flax fiber reinforced composites under salt-fog/dry conditions: Reversible and irreversible performances degradation

Fiore, Vincenzo; Calabrese, Luigi; Miranda, R.; Badagliacco, Dionisio; Sanfilippo, Carmelo; Palamara, Davide; Valenza, A.; Proverbio, E.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109535

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Ageing was carried out for a total of 56 days, with testing intervals at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. The total ageing period of 56 days was selected as the required time to reach the saturation level of flax fibre composites (FFRPs) test coupons (specimens) to degrade at the selected hygrothermal ageing environments, which is in agreement with previous works in literature [13,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Hygrothermal Ageingsupporting

confidence: 71%

On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Das,

Srivastava,

Goutianos

et al. 2023

Materials

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The present work studies the response to hygrothermal ageing of natural fibre composites (NFCs) against synthetic fibre composites when using three different types of polymers as matrices. For ageing, coupons were fully immersed in distilled water at 23, 40, and 60 °C for a total ageing period of 56 days. Flax fibre-reinforced composites, using two recyclable polymer systems: (i) a bio-based recyclable epoxy and (ii) an acrylic-based liquid thermoplastic resin, were tested against conventional glass fibre-reinforced composites employing a synthetic (petroleum-based) epoxy. Different fibre/polymer matrix material combinations were tested to evaluate the effects of hygrothermal ageing degradation on the reinforcement, matrix, and fibre/matrix interface. The hygrothermal ageing response of unaged and aged composite coupons was assessed in terms of flexural and viscoelastic performance, physicochemical properties, and microscopy (SEM—Scanning Electron Microscopy).

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Section: Hygrothermal Ageingsupporting

confidence: 71%

On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Das,

Srivastava,

Goutianos

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…The flexural fracture image of the FW30D0 samples did not exhibit a clear mechanical collapse in the span centerline. This sample experienced a noticeable deflection, without showing critical failure cracks due to the ductile behavior of the wet aged flax and matrix constituents [27].…”

Section: Quasi-static Mechanical Testsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Performances Recovery of Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites after Salt-Fog Aging Test

Calabrese

Fiore²,

Miranda³

et al. 2022

J. Compos. Sci.

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In the present paper, the performance recovery under conditions of discontinuous exposure to a marine environment of a natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) reinforced by flax fibers was assessed. In particular, this laminate was initially exposed to salt-fog for 15 and 30 days, and then stored in a controlled air condition for up to 21 days. The flax fiber-reinforced composite showed coupled reversible and irreversible aging phenomena during the wet stage, as well as evidencing a significant mechanical recovery during the dry stage. Unlike the stiffness, the laminate showed a noticeable recovery of its flexural strength. This behavior affected the composite material toughness. A simplified approach was applied to define a topological map of the material toughness at varying drying times. The results highlight that the composite shows maximum toughness at intermediate drying times thanks to the strength recovery, in addition to its residual plasticity. This approach allows us to better determine that the strength is more closely related to reversible degradation phenomena, whereas the stiffness is mainly correlated to irreversible ones, implying relevant effects on the toughness of the composite exposed to a wet/dry cycle.

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“…Artificially accelerated seawater aging tests usually include high-temperature accelerated aging, 43,44,50 salt-spray aging, 50,66–70 humidity and heat aging, 71 pressurized aging, 72,73 and other methods, among which high-temperature accelerated aging and salt-spray aging are the most common. High-temperature accelerated aging usually involves immersing the sample in a tank filled with artificial seawater to accelerate the aging of the composite, whereas salt-spray aging is usually performed in an aging chamber to increase the salinity of the composite.…”

Section: Research Approaches For Accelerated Aging and Life Predictio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater aging effect on fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Mechanical properties, aging mechanism, and life prediction

Nan

Zhi

Meng

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used in marine engineering fields, such as coastal construction, offshore bridges, submarines, and warships, owing to their light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. However, owing to the harsh marine environment, FRP composites used in the ocean are inevitably affected by seawater aging. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the seawater aging properties of FRP composites. In this study, the seawater aging mechanism of FRP composites is summarized, and the influence factors (matrix type, fiber type, immersion temperature, loading mode, and aging method) of seawater aging on the mechanical properties of FRP composites are further reviewed in detail. Based on this, the method for improving the seawater resistance of FRP composites is summarized. In addition, the research schemes of accelerated aging of FRP composites and commonly used life prediction models are summarized, and the methods and suggestions for improving the accuracy of life prediction are further discussed.

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On the response of flax fiber reinforced composites under salt-fog/dry conditions: Reversible and irreversible performances degradation

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Performances Recovery of Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites after Salt-Fog Aging Test

Seawater aging effect on fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Mechanical properties, aging mechanism, and life prediction

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