On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Das, Subrata Chandra; Srivastava, Chaman; Goutianos, Stergios; La Rosa, Angela Daniela; Grammatikos, Sotirios

doi:10.3390/ma16175848

Materials

2023

DOI: 10.3390/ma16175848

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On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Subrata Chandra Das,

Chaman Srivastava,

Stergios Goutianos

et al.

Abstract: The present work studies the response to hygrothermal ageing of natural fibre composites (NFCs) against synthetic fibre composites when using three different types of polymers as matrices. For ageing, coupons were fully immersed in distilled water at 23, 40, and 60 °C for a total ageing period of 56 days. Flax fibre-reinforced composites, using two recyclable polymer systems: (i) a bio-based recyclable epoxy and (ii) an acrylic-based liquid thermoplastic resin, were tested against conventional glass fibre-rein… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

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Effect of hygrothermal aging on mechanical properties of continuous flax fiber composites

Mu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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The influence of hygrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of flax fiber‐reinforced polymer (FFRP) composites was studied by examining the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of the composite laminates exposed in distilled water at different temperatures. The resin transfer molding (RTM) process was used to manufacture FFRP laminates, which were then subjected to accelerated aging tests in distilled water at different temperatures. The moisture absorption characteristics of FFRP were analyzed by a water absorption test. Tensile, bending, and low‐velocity impact tests of laminates after different aging conditions were performed. Combined with DSC and FTIR tests, the failure mechanism of FFRP exposure to hygrothermal aging was analyzed. The result indicated that the increase in temperature will accelerate the moisture absorption process of FFRP, and the hygroscopic behaviors at different temperatures conform to Fick's law. In the early stage of hygrothermal aging, the composites undergo post‐curing, and the tensile and bending strengths increase. After that, the tensile and bending strengths are decreased because of the thermo‐oxygen aging of materials and fiber/matrix interface damage. After hygrothermal aging, the impact peak force of FFRP decreases obviously while the absorbed energy increases due to the increase of internal defects and plasticization of composites. The increase of hygrothermal aging temperature aggravates the aging of materials, resulting in a more obvious decline in the tensile, bending, and impact properties of the composites.Highlights The effect of hygrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of FFRP is investigated. With the increase of hygrothermal aging time, the tensile and bending strength of FFRP increased at the early stage of aging and then decreased. After hygrothermal aging, the impact peak force of FFRP decreases and the absorbed energy increases due to the increase of internal defects and plasticization of composites.

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Effect of hygrothermal aging on mechanical properties of continuous flax fiber composites

Mu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Hygrothermal effects on the durability of resin‐infused thermoplastic E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites in marine environment

Hussnain,

Shah,

Megat‐Yusoff

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This paper presents a comparative assessment of hygrothermal effects on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of resin‐infused thermoplastic E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites (FRC) in the marine environment. The thermoplastic FRCs were immersed in seawater at two different aging temperatures, that is, 35 and 70°C. The quasi‐static tests were conducted on unaged and aged FRCs, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the effect of the marine environment on the mechanical properties and damage progression. The specimens immersed at 70°C showed a significant drop of 46.7%, 39.7%, 22.6%, and 16% in mechanical properties (tensile, compression, flexural, and ILSS) mainly due to plasticization, matrix cracking, and fiber/matrix debonding. The specimens immersed at 35°C showed a reduction in tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of 10%, 14.7% and 1.9% respectively, with no significant effect on ILSS. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that prolonged aging induces an increase in glass transition temperature due to polymerization reactions. This work is intended to reveal the effect of extreme marine environment on the resin‐infused thermoplastic FRC and to provide a useful reference for their potential structural applications in the marine industry.Highlights Influence of aging conditions on the long‐term performance of FRCs. Hygrothermal aging leads to an increase in the glass transition temperature. The marine environment degrades mechanical properties of FRCs by up to 50%. Matrix cracking and fiber‐matrix debonding evolved as dominant failure modes.

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Review on Mechanical Performance of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics in Marine Environments

Osa-uwagboe,

Silberschmidt,

Demirci

2024

Appl Compos Mater

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Fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) are increasingly popular in marine applications, such as boats, offshore wind-power installations, as well as oil and gas offshore systems thanks to their high stiffness, light weight, and damage resistance. This paper aims to examine the recent developments in the investigation of the effects of moisture uptake on the mechanical performance of FRP for maritime applications, to identify the gaps in the literature, and to suggest likely future research directions in this area. While the review is limited to recent studies—within the last two decades, it discusses in detail the current advances in the experimental investigations of moisture uptake on critical mechanical performance including tensile, flexural, shear and viscoelastic properties, thus covering the major quasi-static and dynamic regimes of FRPs subjected to seawater exposure.

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On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of hygrothermal aging on mechanical properties of continuous flax fiber composites

Effect of hygrothermal aging on mechanical properties of continuous flax fiber composites

Hygrothermal effects on the durability of resin‐infused thermoplastic E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites in marine environment

Review on Mechanical Performance of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics in Marine Environments

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