On the Relation between Summer Temperature and the Distribution of Alpine Vascular Plants in the Lowlands of Fennoscandia

Dahl, Eilif

doi:10.2307/3565129

Cited by 140 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…There is currently much debate about the basic assumptions underlying this approach (e.g. Pearson & Dawson 2003;Hampe 2004;Pearson & Dawson 2004;Heikkinen et al 2006;Dormann 2007a;Beale et al 2008;Jiménez-Valverde et al 2008;Thuiller et al 2008;Araújo et al 2009;Aspinall et al 2009;Beale et al 2009;Duncan et al 2009;Morin & Thuiller 2009;Peterson et al 2009;Willis & Bhagwat 2009;Chapman 2010;Mouton et al 2010;Real et al 2010;Willis et al 2010b), namely that present-day distributions are controlled by climate (Araújo & Luoto 2007;Beale et al 2009;Blach-Overgaard et al 2010;Chapman 2010), that the distributions are in equilibrium with climate today (Svenning & Skov 2004;Araújo & Pearson 2005;Svenning & Skov 2005de Marco et al 2008;Svenning et al 2008;Normand et al 2009), that the distributional data and the climate data are reliable (Rolland 2003;Kitricos & Leriche 2010) and, in the case of montane and alpine biota, that the modern climate data are from the same altitudes as where the species being modelled actually grow (Dahl 1951(Dahl , 1998Randin et al 2006;Lundquist & Cayan 2007;Pape et al 2009;…”

Section: Basic Principles and One Or A Few Indicator Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Climate Reconstructions Based on Late-Quaternary Biological Proxies

Birks

2011

TOECOLJ

337

284

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Abstract:The importance of reconstructing past environments quantitatively in palaeoecology is reviewed by showing that many ecological questions asked of palaeoecological data commonly involve the reconstructions of past environment. Three basic approaches to reconstructing past climate from palaeoecological data are outlined and discussed in terms of their assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses. These approaches are the indicator-species approach involving bioclimateenvelope modelling; the assemblage approach involving modern analogue techniques and response surfaces; and the multivariate calibration-function approach. Topics common to all approaches are reviewed -presentation and interpretation, evaluation and validation, comparison, and general limitations of climate reconstructions. Challenges and possible future developments are presented and the potential future role of quantitative climate reconstructions in palaeoecology is summarised.

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Section: Basic Principles and One Or A Few Indicator Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Climate Reconstructions Based on Late-Quaternary Biological Proxies

Birks

2011

TOECOLJ

337

284

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“…The relatively species-poor mountain flora of the Scottish Highlands and south-west Norway were considered by Dahl to be caused by mild periods of winter weather that encouraged premature spring growth causing severe dieback of non-hardy shoots. He described the Norwegian montane species that are absent from more oceanic mountains as ' south-west coast avoiders ' (Dahl, 1951(Dahl, , 1990. There are, however, factors other than ill-timed phenology which may limit plant survival in oceanic habitats.…”

Section:     mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arctic regions provide a striking example of the need to respond quickly to spring warmth. The Norwegian plant ecophysiologist Eilif Dahl drew attention to the limitation this would impose on the southward expansion of arctic species (Dahl, 1951). In regions where the timing of the onset of the growing season is uncertain, any species or population with a phenological delay in resuming growth, although it may reduce the risk of injury from late frosts and floods, is likely to lose ground to more precocious plants.…”

Section: Metabolic Consequences Of Warm Wintersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 114

Crawford

2000

New Phytologist

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A cyclic behaviour in the intensity of maritime conditions which varies with the periodic behaviour of the North Atlantic oscillation has recently become apparent in the climatic record of northern Europe. Periodic increases in oceanicity are usually viewed as having a positive effect on plant survival, as milder winters, reduction of temperature extremes, low risk of exposure to frost, and freedom from drought reduce many aspects of environmental stress. However, warmer winters in maritime environments may also have a powerful influence in creating habitats that are unfavourable for many species. The dangers of long periods of soil saturation for overwintering plants, soaking injury to germinating seeds, premature bud burst in spring, depression of treelines by increased cloud cover and high lapse rates, as well as the constant leaching of soils, are all negative aspects of the maritime environment. Woody species in which root dormancy is delayed by mild winters are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of winter flooding. Subsequent re-exposure to oxygen as water tables fall in spring can aggravate flooding damage through post-anoxic injury, leading to severe dieback of anchoring roots. Soil leaching, particularly after human disturbance, can induce nutrient deficiencies and the establishment of oligotrophic communities with reduced productivity. Podzolization and iron pan formation have in the past facilitated the processes of paludification in oceanic regions. The resulting spread of bogs and acid moorlands can further reduce the potential for productivity in both agriculture and natural plant communities. Given the probability that current climatic trends may increase the degree of oceanicity in western and northern regions of Europe, the potentially negative consequences of such a climatic change need to be considered in relation to future ecological changes and their consequences for conservation and land use.

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“…In this method the relationship between the geographical limit of plant distribution and temperature is used, i.e., plants require a minimum mean summer temperature to £ower and reproduce. Palaeotemperature data (Table 4) were obtained from Dahl (1951), Iversen (1954), Bell (1970), Vorren (1978), Kolstrup (1979Kolstrup ( , 1980, Odgaard (1982), Brinkkemper et al (1987) and Isarin and Bohncke (1999). Layer 1: The botanical assemblage in the basal part of the microfossil diagram from Location 2, site 1 (PAZ SO-1, 29^34 cm; Figs.…”

Section: Local Environment Interpreted From Other Invertebrate Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flora, fauna and climate of Scotland during the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial – palynological, macrofossil and coleopteran investigations

Bos

Dickson

Coope

et al. 2004

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Thin lenses of organic-rich material, on the upper surface of a layer of glacio-fluvial deposits have been studied in an open cast coal-mine near Sourlie, western Scotland. Radiocarbon dates on antler fragments, plant debris and bulk organic matter from silt, showed that the sediments accumulated between ca. 33 500 and 29 000 14 C yr BP, during a period when this part of western Scotland was free of glaciers. The organic-rich sediments yielded a very rich flora and fauna and in total about 160 plant taxa and 61 coleopteran taxa were recorded together with other invertebrates. The Sourlie flora is one of the richest late Middle Weichselian floras yet studied within the British Isles. Leg bones of Coelodonta antiquitatis (woolly rhinoceros) and Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) were also found at the site. During this period, the landscape was treeless and the vegetation could be characterised as an intermediate between a low shrub tundra and sedge^grass^moss tundra. Both the flora and arthropod fauna suggest that during formation of the organic-rich layers at Sourlie, mean July temperatures were 9^10 ‡C. The flora suggests also that at the beginning of formation of these layers, minimum mean July temperatures increased from 7 to 9^10 ‡C, but later dropped again to 7^8 ‡C. A possible time correlation with one of the warmer periods of the Dansgaard^Oeschger cycles in the stable oxygen isotope record of the Greenland ice cores during this period is proposed. The arthropod fauna suggests that mean January temperatures were somewhere between 334 and 311 ‡C. Mean annual temperatures lay probably between 31 and 310 ‡C, which implies the possible presence of discontinuous or continuous permafrost in the area. During winter, a protective snow cover of varying thickness probably enabled perennial plants, especially shrubs, to survive. ß

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On the Relation between Summer Temperature and the Distribution of Alpine Vascular Plants in the Lowlands of Fennoscandia

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Climate Reconstructions Based on Late-Quaternary Biological Proxies

Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Climate Reconstructions Based on Late-Quaternary Biological Proxies

Tansley Review No. 114

Flora, fauna and climate of Scotland during the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial – palynological, macrofossil and coleopteran investigations

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