On the Problem of Haematogenic Olfaction

Dishoeck, H. A. E. van; Versteeg, N.

doi:10.3109/00016485709130360

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the social interaction is critical for the associative effect (March et al., ). For the demonstrator (DE) animals, both the pharmacologic properties of EtOH paired together with hematogenic olfaction (e.g., Maruniak et al., ; VanDishoeck and Versteeg, ) would also influence these same processes and the results of the present study suggest the magnitude of the OE and DE effects were similar. So what of combined exposures (CE)?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Interaction of Ethanol Ingestion and Social Interaction with an Intoxicated Peer on the Odor‐Mediated Response to the Drug in Adolescent Rats

Eade

Youngentob

2016

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Using a social transmission of food preference paradigm in rats, we previously demonstrated that ethanol exposure during adolescence, as either an observer (interaction with an intoxicated conspecific) or demonstrator (intragastric infusion with ethanol), altered the reflexive odor-mediated responses to the drug. The two modes of exposure were equivalent in the magnitude of their effects. Human adolescents, however, are likely to experience the drug in a social setting as both an ethanol observer and demonstrator. That is, both interacting with an intoxicated peer and experiencing ethanol’s post-ingestive consequences in conjunction with hematogenic olfaction. Therefore, we tested whether combined adolescent exposure as both an observer and demonstrator differed from either form of individual experience. Methods Beginning on postnatal day (P) 29, naïve rats received ethanol or water exposures in a social interaction paradigm as either an observer, a demonstrator or combined experience (where each animal in the interaction was, itself, an observer and demonstrator). Exposures occurred four times, once every 48 hours. On P37, the reflexive behavioral response to ethanol odor was tested, using whole-body plethysmography. Results The odor-mediated responses of adolescent ethanol observers, demonstrators and combined exposure animals all significantly differed from controls. Compared to controls, however, the magnitude of the behavioral effect was greatest in the combined exposure animals. Moreover, combined exposure as both an ethanol observer and demonstrator significantly differed from either form of individual ethanol experience. Conclusions Ethanol’s component chemosensory qualities are known to be central contributors to its acceptance and increases in the acceptability of ethanol’s odor, resulting from a social transmission experience, are predictive of enhanced ethanol avidity in adolescence. Our findings demonstrate that combined exposure as an observer and demonstrator, within a socially relevant framework, may represent a higher risk scenario for increased ethanol avidity in adolescence (and by extension adult persistence) as compared to the individual effects of direct ingestion or social experience with the drug.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Interaction of Ethanol Ingestion and Social Interaction with an Intoxicated Peer on the Odor‐Mediated Response to the Drug in Adolescent Rats

Eade

Youngentob

2016

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…This has long been considered to be caused by the vascular transport of odorants to the receptor site 21 . However, it has been shown 22 that this phenomenon relates to the exhalation of the odors after being excreted through the lungs. Retronasal olfaction also has been hypothesized as an ideal test to identify malingering subjects, 23 a finding that has not been confirmed 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retronasal olfactory function in nasal polyposis

et al. 2003

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“…This method should replace an olfactory stimulation technique applying odorants, such as camphor, intravenously. 5 The following retronasal smell tests aiming at simplified procedures have not yet been validated for clinical use. 6 The aim of the study was to create and validate an easy-to-use test for retronasal olfactory function suitable for testing in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%