On the possibility of utilizing holographic schemes in X-ray microscopy

Abstract

X-ray holography schemes are analyzed. It is shown that they have a very low aperture ratio, and this limits the size of objects from which a hologram can be recorded. It is indicated that holography schemes can be constructed on the basis of the methods of X-ray diffraction optics.

Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source

“…16 Soon after the introduction of holography 17 by Gabor in 1948, the possibility of x-ray holography was explored, 18 and interest has continued, mainly in the context of soft x-ray microscopy. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] As is well known, the hologram contains phase information from the object wave field, so that it may be considered in a sense as a phase-contrast image, i.e., the phase has been ''made visible,'' although a reconstruction step is required to reproduce the phase distribution at the object. From a different viewpoint, the reconstruction may be considered as a form of phase retrieval.…”

Progress and Prospects in Soft X-Ray Holographic Microscopy

“…Some attention has been given [14][15] [16] to the scaling law of the needed photon fluence (and therefore the dose) as a function of resolution. It is argued in [14] [15] [16] that the dose scales as the sixth power of the transverse resolution for a three-dimensional experiment: which means one where the sample thickness is significantly greater than the depth resolution. Otherwise, one has a twodimensional experiment and the scaling law becomes a square law.…”

Processing of X-ray images by optical filtration methods

“…In the X-ray iniage filtration t.he function H ( U ) t,urns out to he real with an alt,ernating sign. I n this case, H ( U ) can he expressed as a sum of positive and negative parts ( 8 )…”