Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source

Pogany, A.; Gao, Dachao; Wilkins, S. W.

doi:10.1063/1.1148194

Cited by 441 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[15] The simplest such method is the free-space propagation technique, which has been discussed extensively in the literature. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Briefly, a plane-wave or spherical-wave with high spatial coherence is incident on the object under study. Features in the object that correspond to sharp changes in the wave phase refract and diffract the x-rays.…”

Section: Phase-contrast X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid deuterium–tritium surface roughness in a beryllium inertial confinement fusion shell

et al. 2006

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Solid deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel layers for inertial confinement fusion experiments were formed inside of a 2 mm diameter beryllium shell and were characterized using phase-contrast enhanced x-ray imaging.The solid D-T surface roughness is found to be 0.4 µm for modes 7-128 at 1.5 K below the melting temperature. The layer roughness is found to increase with decreasing temperature, in agreement with previous visible light characterization studies. However, phase-contrast enhanced x-ray imaging provides a more robust surface roughness measurement than visible light methods. The new x-ray imaging results demonstrate clearly that the surface roughness decreases with time for solid D-T layers held at 1.5 K below the melting temperature.

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Section: Phase-contrast X-ray Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid deuterium–tritium surface roughness in a beryllium inertial confinement fusion shell

et al. 2006

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Recent advances in phase-contrast enhanced x-ray imaging using laboratory x-ray sources makes x-ray imaging of the solid D-T layer possible. [16][17][18] Calculations for phase-contrast x-ray imaging showed that the D-T surface should be rendered visible in the Be(Cu) shell using a micro-focus source. [7] Models also demonstrate that the surface roughness can be accurately characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray imaging of cryogenic deuterium-tritium layers in a beryllium shell

Kozioziemski

Sater

Moody

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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Solid deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel layers inside copper-doped beryllium shells are robust inertial confinement fusion fuel pellets. This paper describes the first characterization of such layers using phase-contrast x-ray imaging. Good agreement is found between calculation and experimental contrast at the layer interfaces. Uniform solid D-T layers and their response to thermal asymmetries were measured in the Be(Cu) shell. The solid D-T redistribution time constant was measured to be 28 min in the Be(Cu) shell.

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“…Wu et al [45] estimated δ and β values for biological tissues, where it was further shown that δ is around 1000 times stronger than β in the X-ray range of 10-100 keV [48,49]. This also implies that the difference in terms of δ between two given tissues are larger, than the differences in β, thus suggesting that X-ray based PhC-imaging is more sensitive, than standard Abs-imaging [50,51,52,48,49,53] Figure 12: Illustration of the diffraction of X-rays for Absorption vs. propagation based imaging, for various sample-to-detector distances, z, where λ is the X-ray wavelength and d is the size of a sample structure orthogonally to the beam direction [47]. Allowing the diffracted X-rays to propagate the short altered distance z beyond the sample a Fresnel diffraction will occur, under the circumstances that z ∼ d 2 /λ [50,47].…”

Section: Imaging Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Dual-Modal usage of contrast agents by means of Synchrotron X-ray Computed Microtomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Macrophages loaded with Barium Sulfate and Gadolinium Nanoparticles for Detection and Monitoring in Animal Disease Models

Larsson

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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To My Family. A B S T R A C TTechnical improvements of imaging devices during the last two decades have led to the development of so called hybrid imaging modalities, containing at least two different imaging modalities in the same machine. Hybrid imaging allows the combination of multi-modal images and the extraction of both complementary and synergistic information, which is useful for more accurate and reliable diagnosis. Within this framework there was an increased need for multi-modal contrast agents. During the last decade development of multi-modal contrast agents have hence received further attention.Recent developments of X-ray based imaging techniques now also offers imaging in other regimes, than standard absorption based imaging, e.g. phase contrast imaging, which exploits the refraction and phase-shift of the incident X-ray beam at tissue-interfaces. It has been shown that phase contrast imaging is more sensitive than classical clinical radiography, especially in soft-tissue applications, such as mammography.This thesis focuses on evaluating the dual-modal Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) capabilities of contrast agents. For such purposes a gadolinium based contrast agent is of high interest, due to its paramagnetic properties, which while present inside a magnetic field will hence interact with the protons spins of water (in tissue and fat) and shorten their the T1 relaxation time, thereby creating a positive image contrast in MRI. Furthermore, the X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) of gadolinium is relatively high, thus suggesting its potential use, also as a CT contrast agent.Gadolinium nanoparticles can be loaded into cells, such as macrophages, which offers the possibility to track cells inside entire organisms. In the first step the uptake of gadolinium nanoparticles inside cells was investigated, together with a test for toxicity. To show the potential of using gadolinium nanoparticle loaded macrophages for functional imaging of inflammation, an acute allergic airway inflammation mouse model (mimicking asthma in humans) was used and analyzed by in-situ synchrotron phase contrast CT. This animal model was chosen, since macrophages are one of the main effector cells in asthma, where especially their ability to migrate is of crucial interest, which up until now was not possible to study in-situ. v In the first step this approach was evaluated using macrophages loaded with a clinical contrast agent containing barium sulphate, since this agent is known to provide high contrast in CT. In the ultimate step a combination of both barium sulphate and gadolinium nanoparticle loaded macrophages was used in the same mouse model (mimicking human asthma) and analyzed by dual modal Synchrotron phase contrast CT and Micro Magnetic Resonance Imaging (µ-MRI).Complementary results in terms of the biodistribution of injected macrophages could only be obtained by the combination of both synchrotron phase contrast CT and µ-MRI, where the first modality allows a detailed local...

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Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source

Cited by 441 publications

References 32 publications

Solid deuterium–tritium surface roughness in a beryllium inertial confinement fusion shell

Solid deuterium–tritium surface roughness in a beryllium inertial confinement fusion shell

X-ray imaging of cryogenic deuterium-tritium layers in a beryllium shell

Evaluation of the Dual-Modal usage of contrast agents by means of Synchrotron X-ray Computed Microtomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Macrophages loaded with Barium Sulfate and Gadolinium Nanoparticles for Detection and Monitoring in Animal Disease Models

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