Silicon refractive planar parabolic lenses with minimized absorption were fabricated by a combination of photolithography and dry-etching techniques. Focusing and spectral properties of the lenses were studied with synchrotron radiation in the energy range 8–25 keV at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A focal spot of 1.8 μm with a gain of 18.5 and transmission of more then 80% was measured at 15.6 keV. The spectral characteristics were analyzed taking into account material dispersion and photon-energy attenuation in the hard x-ray range.

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Abstract. 2014 Long-range growth of carbon-containing structures beginning from the edge of the sample has been found to occur under the action of the electron beam passing outside the sample in the column of the microscope pumped down by an oil diffusion pump. The mechanism of the phenomenon is suggested.

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