On the high energy proton spectrum measurements

Ito, A. S.; MacFall, James R.; Siohan, F.; Streitmatter, R. E.; Tonwar, S. C.; Vishwanath, P. R.; Yodh, G.; Balasubrahmanyan, V. K.

doi:10.1007/bf01093876

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, the change might indicate the onset of a new type of behavior of nuclear interaction at this energy or be the result of an experimental artifact such as backscattered particles from the calorimeter causing enhancement of signal in the chargemeasuring detectors. 5 In recent years, several air-shower groups 6 have reported changes in the relative chemical composition of cosmic rays above 10 14 eV. Various methods have been used to infer primary charge, but all were indirect in that the properties of the primary particle before interaction could not be inspected.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon and Helium Energy Spectra above 1 TeV for Primary Cosmic Rays

et al. 1983

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Energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei in the primary cosmic rays were measured above 1 TeV in a series of balloon flights of emulsion chambers. Differential spectra may be represented by power laws of indices -2.81 ± 0.13 and -2.83± 0.20 for protons and He, respectively. No index change was observed for either species over the energy ranges 5-500 TeV for protons and 2-50 TeV/nucleon for He. Intensities were consistent with extrapolations of previously published data below 1 TeV/nucleon.

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confidence: 99%

Photon and Helium Energy Spectra above 1 TeV for Primary Cosmic Rays

et al. 1983

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“…Signals from some of these particles will overlay that of the primary particle in the ZIM and the calorimeter's Si detector, making charge measurement more challenging. Indeed, this is a rather widely-accepted explanation for misidentification of protons as He nuclei in past experiments (Ellsworth et al, 1977). Figure 1 shows the tracks of shower particles resulting from the interaction of a simulated, vertically incident 1 TeV proton in ACCESS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A guide for ACCESS design considerations

Ganel¹,

Seo²,

Wang³

et al. 1999

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The Advanced Cosmic-ray Composition Experiment for the Space Station (currently under study) will include a thin calorimeter to measure the energy of cosmic ray nuclei from H to Fe. The calorimeter will provide the only energy measurement for H and He nuclei. crucial for two high priority objectives, searching for the existence of a 'knee' in the proton spectrum and studying the energy dependence of the H to He ratio. Particles scattered backward from hadronic interactions in the calorimeter will impact the performance of detectors above the calorimeter. The energy reach required by the physics goals requires a flexible, scalable trigger system to discard out-of-geometry and low-energy events. In this paper we provide a guide to some design considerations arising from the effects of back-scatter and the expected event rates.

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“…Signals from some of these particles will overlay that of the primary particle in the charge detector, making charge measurement more challenging. Indeed, this is a rather widely-accepted explanation for misidentification of protons as He nuclei in past experiments [3]. To study the effect of backscattered particles on particle identification we have developed a simulation model for the ISS-CREAM instrument detector response using Monte Carlo method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of Backscattering Effects on the Particle Identification

Seo¹,

Wu²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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One of the consequences of having a high-density calorimeter as part of an experiment is a large number of secondary shower particles generated in the calorimeter --some of which scatter back up towards the charge measurement devices. This so-called "backscatter effect" can interfere severely with accurate charge measurement of the primary nucleus, especially at high energies, as the number of backscattered particles increases with the incident energy. In this analysis, we study the effect of backscattered particles on particle identification by simulating the ISS-CREAM instrument model detector response using the GEANT3 simulation package [1] with the FLUKA hadronic model [2]. Our study shows the importance of the fine segmentation of charge detectors above the calorimeter. It can minimize backscattered particle contamination in the same charge detector segment as the incident particle to avoid its charge misidentification. We will present simulation results regarding charge measurements, including the tracking resolution, backscattering effects, and charge determination efficiency.

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On the high energy proton spectrum measurements

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Photon and Helium Energy Spectra above 1 TeV for Primary Cosmic Rays

Photon and Helium Energy Spectra above 1 TeV for Primary Cosmic Rays

A guide for ACCESS design considerations

Study of Backscattering Effects on the Particle Identification

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