On the complexity of anthropogenic and geological sources of carbon dioxide: Onsite differentiation using isotope surveying

Hazardous Changes in Soil CO2 Emissions at Vulcano, Italy, in 2021

“…The gas was obtained from the vial through an introduction system equipped with two needles. The first needle pierced the rubber septum for sampling the gas, while the second was inserted into the vial to maintain the sample at atmospheric pressure (Di Martino & Capasso, 2021). On analyzing the soil gas samples, the spectrophotometer recorded signal variations from the air to an unreferenced δ 13 C‐CO 2 measurement of the gas sample.…”

“…A suggested alternative to this method involves the carbon isotope determination at each φCO 2 measurement point. This method is particularly useful for volcanic surveillance because it allows the point‐by‐point partitioning of the φCO 2 to be established between shallow and deep‐origin gases ((Camarda et al., 2019; Capasso et al., 2017; Capasso et al., 2019; Di Martino & Capasso, 2021; Di Martino, Capasso, & Camarda, 2016; Di Martino et al., 2020a).…”

“…Soil CO 2 emissions occur in several different geological settings (Almagro et al., 2009; Annunziatellis et al., 2003; Camarda et al., 2020; Capasso et al., 2019; Chiodini et al., 2015; Ciais et al., 2021; Di Martino & Capasso, 2019, 2021; Venturi et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2017), and investigating their changes over time and space has been the subject of many studies in volcanology (Allard et al., 1991; Boudoire et al., 2017; Burton et al., 2013; Camarda et al., 2012, 2019; Capasso et al., 2017; Carapezza & Federico, 2000; Cardellini et al., 2017; Chiodini et al., 1996, 1998; Chiodini & Frondini, 2001; De Gregorio & Camarda, 2016; Di Martino, Camarda, et al., 2016; Farrar et al., 1995; Federico et al., 2011; Giammanco et al., 1997; Valenza, 1993) and earth degassing in seismically active zones (Camarda et al., 2016; Capasso et al., 2021; Raich & Potter, 1995; Raich & Schlesinger, 1992; Raich & Tufekcioglu, 2000; Tamburello et al., 2018).…”

Quantification of the Volcanic Carbon Dioxide in the Air of Vulcano Porto by Stable Isotope Surveys

“…Attempts to partition CO 2 emissions are based on a combination of carbon content in hydrocarbons and fossil fuel consumption statistics (Wimbadi et al., 2021; Yaacob et al., 2020). Although several studies have recognized that volcanic CO 2 affects air quality, there is relatively little isotope‐based literature that examine the source of airborne CO 2 emissions at high spatial resolution in urban areas (Capasso et al., 2019, 2021; Di Martino & Capasso, 2019, 2021 and reference therein). Volcanoes emit large amounts of CO 2 through crater plumes (Aiuppa et al., 2019; Burton et al., 2013), fumaroles (Capasso et al., 1997; Chiodini et al., 1991; Di Martino, Camarda, et al., 2016; Di Martino et al., 2013, 2021a, 2021b; Federico et al., 2023; Italiano & Nuccio, 1992; Paonita et al., 2002), and groundwater (Capasso et al., 2017).…”

“…The estimation of φCO 2 is important for both volcano monitoring and risk management due to either volcanic unrest or toxic gas emission in poorly ventilated areas. Although the stable isotope signature of the local CO 2 source can help understand how volcanic emissions affect airborne CO 2 concentrations (Viveiros et al., 2008), there are few constraints from isotopic monitoring in volcanic areas (Di Martino & Capasso, 2019, 2021; Di Martino and Gurrieri, 2022b, 2022a, 2023; Venturi et al., 2019).…”