Abstract:Diffuse degassing has been attracting considerable interest in volcanology over the past century since it was discovered that CO 2 is the main component of magmatic gases behind H 2 O. After its formation in the mantle, magma rising at shallower levels releases CO 2 through decompression, which flows into the atmosphere through summit crater vents, fumaroles, and mofetes in peripheral zones. Diffuse degassing has received attention
“…In this study, the different populations correspond to the soil respiration caused by the biological background, the hydrothermal CO 2 degassed from groundwater, and the soil gas emissions surrounding fumaroles conduits. The isotopic composition of δ 13 C CO2 of soil gases in the peripheral areas of Vulcano corroborate the strong increase of deep-origin CO 2 began in the September 2021 and reaching the maximum to November 2021 43 . Figure 7 Log CO 2 fluxes vs Cumulated probability (%) for the 2007 and 2021 surveys at anomalous target areas: ( a , d ) South sector of the Levante Bay; ( b , e ) Palizzi; ( c , f ) Summit ring of the active crater.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…In this study, the different populations correspond to the soil respiration caused by the biological background, the hydrothermal CO 2 degassed from groundwater, and the soil gas emissions surrounding fumaroles conduits. The isotopic composition of δ 13 C CO2 of soil gases in the peripheral areas of Vulcano corroborate the strong increase of deep-origin CO 2 began in the September 2021 and reaching the maximum to November 2021 43 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…In conclusion, the deep input of volatiles, released from the new and rich magma batch 13,[33][34][35]43 , strongly modified the physico-chemical composition of the shallow plumbing system below the Levante Bay, affecting the total pressure of CO 2 which brings the system to a higher potential energy than showed in previous decades. The continuous monitoring data, coupled to repeated systematic surveys, highlighted the delayed effects related to the local chemo-physical condition of intercalated aquifers.…”
The active cone of La Fossa is a close conduit volcano characterized by solphataric activity, manifested by discharging fluids through fumaroles and soil degassing. Since 1978 several degassing crises have been observed and interpreted as early signals of volcanic unrests. Recently, from June 2021 to May 2022, we measured the changes in soils CO2 release to evaluating the level and duration of the actual exhaling crises. The CO2 output has been evaluated by surveys carried out in anomalously degassing areas, located both in the La Fossa cone summit area and in other peripheral zones, coupled to near-real time monitoring data acquired by three automated stations. The strong and deep input of volatiles released from an underlying magma batch modified the chemical composition of the shallow plumbing system, bringing the system to a higher level of CO2 total pressure. This work highlights that a geochemical networks of stations, located at some distance from the fumaroles release and/or from eruptive conduits, is useful and can be applied to characterizing and monitoring any other active volcanic system. This type of studies can be useful to contribute to forecast the next evolution of the studied systems.
“…In this study, the different populations correspond to the soil respiration caused by the biological background, the hydrothermal CO 2 degassed from groundwater, and the soil gas emissions surrounding fumaroles conduits. The isotopic composition of δ 13 C CO2 of soil gases in the peripheral areas of Vulcano corroborate the strong increase of deep-origin CO 2 began in the September 2021 and reaching the maximum to November 2021 43 . Figure 7 Log CO 2 fluxes vs Cumulated probability (%) for the 2007 and 2021 surveys at anomalous target areas: ( a , d ) South sector of the Levante Bay; ( b , e ) Palizzi; ( c , f ) Summit ring of the active crater.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…In this study, the different populations correspond to the soil respiration caused by the biological background, the hydrothermal CO 2 degassed from groundwater, and the soil gas emissions surrounding fumaroles conduits. The isotopic composition of δ 13 C CO2 of soil gases in the peripheral areas of Vulcano corroborate the strong increase of deep-origin CO 2 began in the September 2021 and reaching the maximum to November 2021 43 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…In conclusion, the deep input of volatiles, released from the new and rich magma batch 13,[33][34][35]43 , strongly modified the physico-chemical composition of the shallow plumbing system below the Levante Bay, affecting the total pressure of CO 2 which brings the system to a higher potential energy than showed in previous decades. The continuous monitoring data, coupled to repeated systematic surveys, highlighted the delayed effects related to the local chemo-physical condition of intercalated aquifers.…”
The active cone of La Fossa is a close conduit volcano characterized by solphataric activity, manifested by discharging fluids through fumaroles and soil degassing. Since 1978 several degassing crises have been observed and interpreted as early signals of volcanic unrests. Recently, from June 2021 to May 2022, we measured the changes in soils CO2 release to evaluating the level and duration of the actual exhaling crises. The CO2 output has been evaluated by surveys carried out in anomalously degassing areas, located both in the La Fossa cone summit area and in other peripheral zones, coupled to near-real time monitoring data acquired by three automated stations. The strong and deep input of volatiles released from an underlying magma batch modified the chemical composition of the shallow plumbing system, bringing the system to a higher level of CO2 total pressure. This work highlights that a geochemical networks of stations, located at some distance from the fumaroles release and/or from eruptive conduits, is useful and can be applied to characterizing and monitoring any other active volcanic system. This type of studies can be useful to contribute to forecast the next evolution of the studied systems.
“…An increase in CO 2 production caused either by the influx of tourists to the island of Vulcano (i.e., during the summer months) or by the combustion of hydrocarbons to heat houses may be responsible for these fluctuations. Notable changes occurred in 2021, when the less 13 C‐depleted signature of CO 2 in the air clearly shows that the increase in CO 2 concentration correlates with a resumption of volcanic degassing (Aiuppa et al., 2022; Di Martino et al., 2022; Federico et al., 2023; Inguaggiato et al., 2022). During this period, there was a remarkable increase in CO 2 concentration due to plume dispersion and φCO 2 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The spatial variation of volcanic CO 2 shows remarkable differences on 10 October 2021 (Figure 8d), when the volcanic CO 2 was sighted throughout the village of Vulcano Porto and the concentration was high (i.e., >900 mg m −3 ). During this period, volcanic degassing on Vulcano suddenly increased (Aiuppa et al., 2022; Di Martino et al., 2022; Federico et al., 2023). In particular, Figure 8d shows some zones with a high concentration of volcanic CO 2 (i.e., >900 mg m −3 above background) at Discarica, Camping Sicilia, Piano delle Baracche, and Faraglione.…”
Injecting volcanic gas into the air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels compared with background concentrations and may establish gas hazard conditions. This study reports the results of five stable isotope (i.e., δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2) surveys of airborne CO2 on Vulcano from August 2020 to November 2021. To measure CO2 in the air, a mobile laboratory was equipped with a laser‐based spectrophotometer that can selectively detect different CO2 isotopologues. Volcanic CO2 has a different isotopic signature than atmospheric CO2 and both δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 can help trace the injections of volcanic gases into the air. An isotopic mass balance model was developed for partitions CO2 between atmospheric background and volcanic CO2. The results of these studies show that volcanic CO2 emissions and atmospheric circulation deeply affected the concentration of CO2 in the air at Vulcano Porto. Studies of δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 provide an estimate of volcanic CO2 in the air. These results help identify spatially some points of interest for mitigating volcanic gas emission‐related hazards on Vulcano.
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