On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive

Enax, Joachim; Meyer, Frederic; Wiesche, Erik Schulze zur; Epple, Matthias

doi:10.3390/nano12224075

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Enax et al [ 72 ] reviewed the safety of calcium phosphates, including biomimetic HAP, and it was concluded that HAP can be safely swallowed when used in oral care products. However, most subjects expectorate and rinse after using their toothpaste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products for Reducing Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2023

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Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a very common dental problem that can have a negative impact on the quality of life and can lead to invasive dental procedures. Prevention of DH and control of symptoms are highly desirable. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been shown in vitro to block dentinal tubules and in vivo to be a safe and effective additive in oral care products that reduce DH clinically. This study’s aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence that HAP-containing oral care products reduce DH. Databases were searched, and only clinical trials in humans were included; studies conducted in vitro or on animals were not included. Publications in a foreign language were translated and included. We found 44 published clinical trials appropriate for systematic analysis. More than half of the trials had high-quality GRADE scores. HAP significantly reduced dentin hypersensitivity compared to placebo (39.5%; CI 95% [48.93; 30.06]), compared to fluoride (23%; CI 95% [34.18; 11.82]), and with a non-significant tendency compared to other desensitizing agents (10.2%; CI 95% [21.76; −19.26]). In conclusion, the meta-analysis showed that HAP added to oral care products is a more effective agent than fluoride in controlling dentin hypersensitivity and may be superior to other desensitizers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products for Reducing Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2023

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“…Calcium phosphates, in general, can be incorporated into various oral care products such as toothpaste [ 25 , 26 , 58 ], mouthwashes [ 31 , 32 ], and oral gels [ 59 ]. A clear advantage of calcium phosphates is their biomimetic characteristic [ 40 ]. Consequently, higher effective doses can be used with no risk of toxicity (unlike fluoride) [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, calcium phosphates (e.g., hydroxyapatite) have been shown to be beneficial for pain relief of MIH-associated tooth sensitivity [ 18 , 20 , 36 ]. Unlike fluorides which can cause dental fluorosis and other side effects [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], calcium phosphates show excellent biocompatibility and are safe if swallowed [ 40 ]. Note that nanoparticular amorphous calcium phosphate is present, e.g., in human breast milk [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remineralization Strategies for Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): A Literature Review

Enax

Farah

Liu³

et al. 2023

Dentistry Journal

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Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a highly prevalent dental developmental disorder with a significant health burden for patients and high treatment needs, yet no comprehensive review article on all remineralization systems as a non-invasive treatment approach for MIH has been published. Typical characteristics of MIH-affected teeth are a lower mineral density and lower hardness compared to healthy teeth leading to sensitivity and loss of function. Thus, the use of formulations with calcium phosphates to remineralize MIH-affected teeth is reasonable. This review presents an up-to-date overview of remineralization studies focusing on active ingredients investigated for remineralization of MIH, i.e., casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), hydroxyapatite, calcium glycerophosphate, self-assembling peptide, and fluoride. Overall, 19 studies (in vitro, in situ, and in vivo) were found. Furthermore, an additional search for studies focusing on using toothpaste/dentifrices for MIH management resulted in six studies, where three studies were on remineralization and three on reduction of sensitivity. Overall, the studies analyzed in this review showed that MIH-affected teeth could be remineralized using calcium phosphate-based approaches. In conclusion, calcium phosphates like CPP-ACP, calcium glycerophosphate, and hydroxyapatite can be used to remineralize MIH-affected teeth. In addition to MIH-remineralization, CPP-ACP and hydroxyapatite also offer relief from MIH-associated tooth sensitivity.

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“…An example of a globally used biomimetic ingredient in oral care products is particulate hydroxyapatite, Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH), a synthetic calcium phosphate mineral that is inspired by the natural enamel crystallites [ 10 , 11 ]. Hydroxyapatite shows good biocompatibility when used in oral care products, and it is also used as a food additive [ 12 , 13 ]. Various studies have shown its efficacy in different areas, such as caries prevention and the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Adjunct Ingredients Used in Hydroxyapatite-Based Oral Care Products

2022

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Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is a biomimetic active ingredient, which is used in commercial oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes worldwide. Clinical studies (in vivo) as well as in situ and in vitro studies have shown the preventive effects of hydroxyapatite in various field of oral care. In some products, hydroxyapatite is combined with other active ingredients, to achieve an additional antibacterial effect or to promote gum health. This review analyzes the efficacy of six selected natural and nature-inspired ingredients that are commonly used together with hydroxyapatite. These additional actives are either antibacterial (lactoferrin, xylitol, and zinc) or promote gum health (allantoin, bisabolol, and hyaluronic acid). A systematic literature search was performed, and all studies found on each ingredient were analyzed. In summary, all analyzed ingredients mentioned in this review are well described in scientific studies on their beneficial effect for oral health and can be used to expand the preventive effect of hydroxyapatite in oral care products.

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On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive

Cited by 19 publications

References 74 publications

Clinical Evidence of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products for Reducing Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clinical Evidence of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products for Reducing Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Remineralization Strategies for Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): A Literature Review

Overview on Adjunct Ingredients Used in Hydroxyapatite-Based Oral Care Products

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