On the Analysis and Design of Low-Loss Single-Pole Double-Throw W-Band Switches Utilizing Saturated SiGe HBTs

Schmid, Robert; Song, Peter; Coen, Christopher T.; Ulusoy, Ahmet Çağrı; Cressler, John D.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2014.2354017

Cited by 81 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Different implementations have been proposed recently for mmWave applications [57], [58] which exhibit low insertion loss (≈ 1dB) and good isolation properties. The power consumption of the switch is low [59], [60], we assume a value of P SW = 5 mW.…”

Section: Power Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?

et al. 2016

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Hybrid analog/digital MIMO architectures were recently proposed as an alternative for fully-digitalprecoding in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems. This is motivated by the possible reduction in the number of RF chains and analog-to-digital converters. In these architectures, the analog processing network is usually based on variable phase shifters. In this paper, we propose hybrid architectures based on switching networks to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the structures based on phase shifters. We define a power consumption model and use it to evaluate the energy efficiency of both structures. To estimate the complete MIMO channel, we propose an open loop compressive channel estimation technique which is independent of the hardware used in the analog processing stage. We analyze the performance of the new estimation algorithm for hybrid architectures based on phase shifters and switches. Using the estimated, we develop two algorithms for the design of the hybrid combiner based on switches and analyze the achieved spectral efficiency. Finally, we study the trade-offs between power consumption, hardware complexity, and spectral efficiency for hybrid architectures based on phase shifting networks and switching networks. Numerical results show that architectures based on switches obtain equal or better channel estimation performance to that obtained using phase shifters, while reducing hardware complexity and power consumption. For equal power consumption, all the hybrid architectures provide similar spectral efficiencies.

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Section: Power Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?

et al. 2016

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“…Different implemen tations have been proposed recently for mmWave applications [25], [26] which exhibit low insertion loss and good isolation properties. The power consumption of the switch is low (lower than 10 mW [27], [28]), and can be neglected in the computation of the total power consumed by the receiver based on switches.…”

Section: Power Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given Wo p t. our aim is to solve the problem: minimize II Wo p t -SWBB IIF, S,W BB (27) where S of size Nr x Lr is a binary matrix with a single one per row. The proposed algorithm for finding the optimum S and W BB that minimize the Frobenius nonn is summarized in Algorithm l. This algorithm is fast and finds the optimum solution to (27). Notice that solving (27) is not equivalent to maximizing the spectral efficiency.…”

Section: A Minimum Frobenius Norm (Mfn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed algorithm for finding the optimum S and W BB that minimize the Frobenius nonn is summarized in Algorithm l. This algorithm is fast and finds the optimum solution to (27). Notice that solving (27) is not equivalent to maximizing the spectral efficiency. Minimizing the Frobenius norm bounds the achievable spectral efficiency [8].…”

Section: A Minimum Frobenius Norm (Mfn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

Méndez-Rial

Rusu

Alkhateeb

et al. 2015

2015 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA)

190

172

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Precodinglcombining and large antenna arra y s are essential in millimeter wave (mmWave) s y stems. In traditional MIMO s y stems, precodinglcombining is usuall y done digitall y at baseband with one radio frequenc y (RF) chain and one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per antenna. The high cost and power consumption of RF chains and ADCs at mmWave frequencies make an all-digital processing approach prohibitive.When onl y a limited number of RF chains is available, h y brid architectures that split the precodinglcombining processing into the analog and digital domains are attractive. A previousl y proposed h y brid solution emplo y s phase shifters and mixers in the RF precodinglcombining stage. It obtains near optimal spectral efficiencies with a reduced number of RF channels. In this paper we propose a different h y brid architecture, which simplifies the hardware at the receiver b y replacing the phase shifters with switches. We present a new approach for compressed sensing based channel estimation for the h y brid architectures.Given the channel estimate, we propose a novel algorihtm that jointl y designs the antenna subsets selected and the baseband combining. Using power consumption calculations and achievable rates, we compare the performance of h y brid combining with antenna switching and phase shifting, showing that antenna selection is preferred in a range of operating conditions. I. INT RODUCTIONCommunication over millimeter wave (lmnWave) frequen cies [1] is the frontier for commercial wireless communication systems. Initial applications of mmWave to personal area networks (PAN) and local area networks (LAN) through the 60GHz unlicensed band are already standardized [2] and commercially available. The large bandwidths available at mmWave carrier frequencies also makes it interesting for 5G cellular systems [3], [4], [5], [6].MmWave communication requires very large multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to provide sufficient antenna aperture. Unfortunately, at mmWave there are additional hard ware constraints that have to imposed due to the practical limitations on the cost, complexity and power consumption with the current technology [7]. Due to mixed signal and baseband processing requirements, it may not be feasible to use one complete RF chain and one DAC or ADC per antenna, so precoding and combining can not be done entirely in the baseband. For this reason, systems like IEEE 802.11ad use analog beamforming / combining and only support single stream MIMO communication.of streams requires the use of precoding and combining, mak ing functions like low complexity and low overhead channel estimation more essential.In previous work, a hybrid architecture that accounts for hardware constraints has been proposed [8], [9], resulting in precoder/combiner design algorithms that divide the op timization process into the RF and the baseband stages, and channel estimation methods that exploit the sparse nature of the mmWave channel. This architecture is based on quantized phase shifters, as illustrate...

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“…To further improve the insertion loss in this SPDT design, the shunt HBT devices are used in the reverse-saturation mode by connecting the emitter terminal of the device to the RF output and grounding the collector terminal. Using the shunt HBT switches in the reverse-saturation mode increases the R of f and decreases the C of f values with respect to the shunt HBT switches used in the forward-saturation mode [8], [9].…”

Section: Circuit Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A D-band SPDT switch utilizing reverse-saturated SiGe HBTs for dicke-radiometers

Çetindoğan

Üstündağ

Turkmen

et al. 2018

2018 11th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)

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Abstract-This paper presents a low insertion loss and high isolation D-band (110-170 GHz) single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch utilizing reverse-saturated SiGe HBTs for Dickeradiometers. The SPDT switch design is based on the quarterwave shunt switch topology and implemented with further optimizations to improve the overall insertion loss and decrease the total chip size in a commercial 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Measurement results of the implemented SPDT switch show a minimum insertion loss of 2.6 dB at 125 GHz and a maximum isolation of 30 dB at 151 GHz while the measured input and output return loss is greater than 10 dB across 110-170 GHz. Total power consumption of the SPDT switch is 5.3 mW while draining 5.6 mA from a 0.95 V DC supply. Overall chip size is only 0.5×0.32 = 0.16 mm 2 , excluding the RF and DC pads.

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On the Analysis and Design of Low-Loss Single-Pole Double-Throw W-Band Switches Utilizing Saturated SiGe HBTs

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?

Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?

Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

A D-band SPDT switch utilizing reverse-saturated SiGe HBTs for dicke-radiometers

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