On-road evaluation of two Diesel exhaust aftertreatment devices

Kittelson, David B.; Watts, Winthrop F.; Johnson, Jennifer L.; Rowntree, C. J.; Payne, M J; Goodier, S.; Warrens, Chris P.; Preston, H.E.; Zink, Uwe; Ortiz, Marcela Tamayo y; Goersmann, C.; Twigg, M. V.; Walker, Andy; Caldow, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.11.003

Cited by 102 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sulfate measurements using ion chromatography for one test showed that approximately half of the mass was sulfate related, indicating that the nucleation mode particles may be attributed to the conversion of SO 2 to SO 3 , which is likely aided by the Ptcatalytic coating on the DPF. This is consistent with results from Kittelson et al (2006) who found that the formation of nucleation particles downstream of a CRT TM increased dramatically at temperatures >300…”

Section: Particle Number Emissions By Pmp Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Johnson

Durbin

Jung

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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This study evaluated the UN-ECE Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) protocol for the measurement of solid particle number emissions under laboratory and on-road conditions for two passive diesel particle filters (DPF)-equipped medium and heavyheavy duty diesel vehicles. The PMP number emissions were lower than the European light-duty certification value (9.6 × 10 11 #/mi) for all standardized cycles, but exceeded this value during some higher load on-road driving conditions. Particle number measurements were generally less variable than those of the PM mass for the on-road testing, but had comparable or greater variability than PM mass for the laboratory measurements due to outliers. These outliers appear to be real events that are not apparent with integrated filter methods. The particle number measurements for the low cut point CPCs (3-7 nm) below the PMP system were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those for the PMP-compliant CPC (23 nm), indicating the presence of a large fraction of solid sub-23 nm particles. Although such particles are defined as solid by the PMP method, their actual state is unknown. Nucleation particles with a large sulfate contribution formed under a variety of conditions when the exhaust temperature near the DPF exceeded a "critical" temperature, typically >300• C.

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Section: Particle Number Emissions By Pmp Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Johnson

Durbin

Jung

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In addition, an instrument recently developed to sample the particle size distribution in engine exhaust is the engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) spectrometer; 17 it uses electrical mobility for classifying particle size and offers good temporal resolution (on the order of 1 sec), which is useful to characterize engine emissions under transient conditions. Kittelson et al 18 compared UFPM number concentrations emitted from a diesel truck measured with a SMPS, an EEPS, and a condensation particle counter (CPC); the latter measures the total particle number concentration with a very low particle diameter detection limit (ϳ3 nm). The EEPS tracked the CPC number concentration well but the SMPS underestimated the total particle number concentration because it did not sample particles below 10 nm, whereas the EEPS sampled particles as low as 6 nm.…”

Section: Emissions Of Ufpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kittelson et al 18 used a mobile truck equipped with UFPM measurement equipment (including an EEPS, a SMPS, and a CPC) to evaluate the emissions of that diesel truck under highway cruising conditions. The truck was equipped with two distinct DPFs: a CRT and a catalyzed CRT (CCRT).…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emitted from Mobile Sources

Seigneur

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The physics and chemistry of ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) associated with mobile source emissions is reviewed. UFPM includes those particles that are less than 0.1 m in diameter. Measurements of UFPM emitted from mobile sources have been conducted in the laboratory, on roadways, and downwind of roadways. In addition, UFPM formation and evolution have been modeled and the modeling results have been compared with available measurements. The results of those measurement programs and modeling studies are synthesized into a coherent description of the formation of UFPM in mobile source emissions and its subsequent evolution in the ambient atmosphere. Recommendations are provided to address the gaps in our current understanding of the processes leading to the formation of UFPM, its chemical composition, and its evolution in the atmosphere.

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“…Chasing tests have been used to measure the particulate matter emission characteristics in vehicle plumes using mobile laboratories (Vogt et al, 2003;Pirjola et al, 2004;Giechaskiel et al, 2005;Kittelson et al, 2006;Rönkkö et al, 2006;Casati et al, 2007;Rönkkö et al, 2007;Lemmetty et al, 2008). However, researchers have only focused on particulate matter concentration, particle size distribution, and instantaneous mass concentration measurements in smoke plumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the distance between the sample point and the exhaust nozzle is generally more than 5 m (Giechaskiel et al, 2005;Kittelson et al, 2006;Rönkkö et al, 2007;Kittelson et al, 2008;Bergmann et al, 2009) and can reach as high as 100 m (Vogt et al, 2003;Casati et al, 2007). However, German researchers (Uhrner et al, 2007;Wehner et al, 2009;Uhrner et al, 2011) designed a new device that can be installed on the back of a car, and the sampling point can be adjusted within the range of 45-90 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construction and Application of a Multipoint Sampling System for Vehicle Exhaust Plumes

Shen

Yao

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To study the formation process of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in a vehicle exhaust plume near the exhaust gas discharge outlet, a new multipoint sampling system was established. The system has five sampling heads and includes a particulate matter multi-channel film sampling system, a CO 2 /CO analyzer system, a volatile organic compound (VOC) sampling system, a particulate matter real-time analyzer system, and sensor interfaces. The vehicle exhaust near the exhaust nozzle can be sampled at multiple locations simultaneously using the new multipoint sampling system. Additionally, the system can be used to measure and analyze variations in the fine particulate matter, including the carbonaceous and ionic components, and organic compounds in the plume near the exhaust nozzle. This paper introduces the construction and application of the multipoint sampling system. The motor vehicle exhaust multipoint sampling system is reliable and can accurately capture the characteristics of the exhaust plume near the discharge outlet area. Changes in the CO 2 concentration were used to determine whether exhaust was accurately collected at the sampling points. The relationship between the dilution rate and distance was calculated on the basis of on-road test results using the following equation: DR = 21.4X 1.16 . This equation can be used for modeling purposes, especially in comparisons of model results and observations and in the evaluation of dispersion models.

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On-road evaluation of two Diesel exhaust aftertreatment devices

Cited by 102 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Current Understanding of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emitted from Mobile Sources

The Construction and Application of a Multipoint Sampling System for Vehicle Exhaust Plumes

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