On models and modelling in human-computer co-operation

Oberquelle, Horst

doi:10.1007/3-540-13394-1_3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Instead, the system takes an active role and collaborates with its human user (Grosz, 1996;Shieber, 1996). In other words, the relationship between a computer system and its user becomes a partnerpartner relationship (Oberquelle, 1984;Oberquelle, Kupka, & Maass, 1983) rather than a master-servant one, which is the dominant underlying model of human-computer interactions for most existing systems.…”

Section: Human-computer Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model for User-System Collaboration: Enhancing Usability of Complex Information Systems

Xu¹,

Topi²

2017

CAIS

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Abstract:A variety of organizations around the world use complex information systems (e.g., enterprise resource planning and supply chain management systems). However, poor usability caused by system complexity continues to frustrate users and damage the reputation of these systems. In this study, we address usability issues with complex information systems from the human-computer collaboration perspective by modeling user-system interaction as a joint activity between the system and its users. We propose a conceptual model for user-system collaboration, elaborate on the components in the model and the relationships between the components, derive the required capabilities for collaborative information systems, and establish conceptual relationships between system collaborative behaviors and usability. We use empirical evidence gathered from a qualitative field study on ERP systems to illustrate the model and the possible impact of system collaborativeness (i.e., the presence or absence of collaborative capabilities) on usability. We do so to provide a strong conceptual foundation for modeling user-system collaboration and to encourage designers to employ the collaboration metaphor during system design and, thus, help them develop future complex information systems with better usability.

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Section: Human-computer Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model for User-System Collaboration: Enhancing Usability of Complex Information Systems

Xu¹,

Topi²

2017

CAIS

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“…In this part of design the activity is focussed on a detailed description of the system as far as it is of direct relevance to the end-user. Oberquelle (see [9]) introduces the concept "virtual machine" to indicate "the functionality of the system ... where implementation details and details of the underlying hardware are suppressed". Tauber ([10]) elaborates the concept of the user's virtual machine (UVM) which indicates the total of user relevant knowledge on the technology, both semantics (what the system offers the user for task delegation) and syntax (how task delegation to the system has to be expressed by the user).…”

Section: Specifying Technology (The User's Virtual Machine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Groupware Task Analysis

Veer

Welie

2003

Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Groupware Task Analysis is a task analysis method that deals with the context of use of a system in the broadest sense. The task world is seen from three viewpoints that deal with different aspects of the world. The processes of GTA and their background are described in detail. In addition a task analysis tool EUTERPE is described. EUTERPE is based on GTA and allows capturing of the task models and provides some basic analysis primitives. INTRODUCTIONAnalyzing a complex system means analyzing the world in which the system functions, or the "context of use", which comprises (according to standards like [1]) -the users; -the tasks; -the equipment (hardware, software, and materials); -the social environment; -the physical environment. If we want to design systems for the context of use, we need to take these different aspects of the task world into consideration. In traditional literature on task analysis from the HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) mainstream, the focus is mostly on users, tasks, and software. Design approaches for GroupWare and CSCW (Computer Supported Collaborative Work), on the other hand, often focus on analyzing the world first of all from the point of view of the (physical and social) environment. In both cases, more recent developments at least include some aspects that belong to the other categories, but it still looks like one has to choose for either the one view or the other. Section 2 presents an idea of task analysis approaches from the classical HCI tradition, and, at the same time, provides our view on phases in task analysis. In Section 3 an ethnographic viewpoint, as frequently applied to the design of CSCW systems, is presented, where phases in the analysis process are hardly considered. As the result of combining approaches from both HCI and CSCW design, we developed our GTA (Groupware Task Analysis) framework of modeling task knowledge, which we will describe in section 4. Brigitte Jordan [2], though originally working from an ethnographic approach and focusing on GroupWare applications, provides a view on analyzing knowledge of the task world that is broad enough to cover most of the context of use as now defined by the above mentioned ISO document. We will illustrate Jordan's view in Section 5, distinguishing two factors: -sources of knowledge: (1) individual knowledge, and (2) group; -levels of communicability: (a) explicit, and (b) implicit. Based on applying Jordan's 2 * 2 framework in actual design processes for large industrial and government interactive systems, and expanding the two factors from dichotomies to continuous dimensions, we describe a twodimensional framework to analyze the different relevant sources of knowledge of the context of use. This framework provides a map of knowledge sources, that assists us to identify the different techniques that we might need in order to collect information and structure this into a model of the task world. Section 6 describe EUTERPE, a task analysis tool based on an ontology derived from GTA. The model used by the tool ...

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“…In this part of design the activity produces a detailed description of the system as far as it is of direct relevance to the end-user. Oberquelle (1984) introduces the concept ' virtual machine' to indicate "the functionality of the system . .…”

Section: Specification Of Supporting Technology: the User's Virtual Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

GTA: Groupware task analysis — Modeling complexity

1996

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The task analysis methods discussed in this presentation stem from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Ethnography (as applied for the design of Computer Supported Cooperative Work-CSCW), different disciplines that often are considered conflicting approaches when applied to the same design problems. Both approaches have their strength and weakness, and an integration of them does add value to the early stages of design of cooperation technology. In order to develop an integrated method for groupware task analysis (GTA) a conceptual framework is presented that allows a systematic perspective on complex work phenomena. The framework features a triple focus, considering (a) people, (b) work, and (c) the situation. Integrating various task-modeling approaches requires vehicles for making design information explicit, for which an object oriented formalism will be suggested. GTA consists of a method and framework that have been developed during practical design exercises. Examples from some of these cases will illustrate our approach.

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On models and modelling in human-computer co-operation

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

A Conceptual Model for User-System Collaboration: Enhancing Usability of Complex Information Systems

A Conceptual Model for User-System Collaboration: Enhancing Usability of Complex Information Systems

Groupware Task Analysis

GTA: Groupware task analysis — Modeling complexity

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