On investigation of rheological, mechanical and morphological characteristics of waste polymer-based feedstock filament for 3D printing applications

Abstract

In this study, a novel route for the preparation of feedstock filaments for fused deposition modelling from recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste polymers has been explored. For improving the properties of HDPE/LDPE-recycled polymers, Fe powder has been reinforced through single-screw extrusion. It has been observed that Fe powder (from 0 wt% to 25 wt%) in the LDPE and HDPE matrices has shown increasing trend in melt flow index. Furthermore, Fe powder reinforcement resulted in 36.66% improvement in hardness of reinforced HDPE polymer and 64% in LDPE. Mechanical properties (peak elongation, peak strength, break strength and shore D hardness (SDH)) have been improved significantly with the addition of 6 wt% and 10 wt% reinforcement of Fe powder in the matrix of LDPE and HDPE, respectively. The results of study suggest that morphological properties, such as SDH and percentage porosity, have direct relation with mechanical properties as it has been found that the sample with better mechanical properties was also having high hardness and low porosity. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have been performed on 3D printed functional parts and it has been observed that highly dense texture of HDPE and low surface roughness resulted in better mechanical properties.

On flexural and pull out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix

“…But hitherto little has been reported on flexural and pull-out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix (having magnetostrictive properties) especially in structural engineering applications. This work is an extension of previously reported study on PLA hybrid composite matrix with magnetic properties, prepared with twin screw extruder (TSE) [19,21]. In the present work an effort has been made for 3D printing of prepared feedstock filament to investigate the flexural and pull out properties.…”

“…In this present work feedstock filament having paramagnetic character has been prepared with TSE [19,21] which was used for 3D printing of flexural specimen as per ASTM D790 standard. The selected PLA matrix was having magnetization 28.65 emu g −1 , coercivity 74.54 Oe and retentivity 1.27×10 -2 G. PLA and PVC have been procured from local market (Batra plastic house: Ludhiana, India), Fe 3 O 4 has been procured from local vendor (Shiva Chemicals: Ludhiana, India) of 99% purity and of mesh size 44 micron and wood powder has been collected from local wood working industry and processed with sieve shaker to segregate wood powder of 50 micron size so that compatibility issue of size may be addressed.…”

“…Continuous carbon fiber (CCF) reinforced PLA matrix has been 3D printed and flexural properties and tensile properties have been investigated in which it has been found that increased content of CCF (upto 27 wt%) improved the flexural strength of PLA (335 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (30 GPa) [17]. Various researchers have also used Fe 3 O 4 and iron powder as reinforcement in polymeric base matrix to prepare feedstock filament of FDM setup [18][19][20].…”

Investigating the relation between debinding atmosphere and mechanical properties of stereolithography-based three-dimensional printed Al2O3 ceramic

“…12 Currently, 3D printing technology gained increasing interest among industry and academic fields and was called “the third industrial revolution.” 13–15 Many recent research works have promoted the development of 3D printing technology. 16–18…”

“…[13][14][15] Many recent research works have promoted the development of 3D printing technology. [16][17][18] The rapid development of 3D printing technology for metal and resin materials also promoted the development of 3D printing technology for ceramics. 19 Alumina-based ceramics are very stable materials with excellent resistance to acid, alkali, and high temperature.…”