On flexural and pull out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix

Abstract

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has been widely explored for number of commercially available virgin thermoplastics (such as: poly lactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) etc), thermoplastic based composites and printing conditions. But hitherto little has been reported on flexural and pull-out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix (having magnetostrictive properties) especially in structural engineering applications. In the present work an effort has been made for 3D printing of PLA hybrid composite matrix (having magnetic characteristics) to investigate the flexural and pull out properties. The photo micro-graphic analysis and Shore D hardness has been performed on the printed samples and multifactor optimization tool has been used for optimizing the printing conditions. From multifactor optimization viewpoint it has been ascertained that infill density 100%; infill angle 45°; and infill speed 90 mm s −1 are the best printing conditions. Further from morphological testing it has been observed that mechanical properties (flexural and pull out) are dependent upon the hardness, surface porosity and surface roughness (Ra). The creo structural analysis supported with photomicrographs have been performed on the samples prepared at best setting of input parameters and it has been found that strain increases downward along the thickness and is maximum at lowest layer due to which the failure starts from the base line in flexural testing.

An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling

“…Numerical simulations show that changing the printing angle highly impacts the mechanical characteristic of the PLA part. Kumar et al [ 19 ] investigated the mechanical properties of the PLA composite matrix and observed that the printing angle of 45° has the best condition on mechanical properties (flexural and pull out), which are dependent upon the hardness, surface porosity and surface roughness. On the other hand, Butt et al [ 20 ] used the Hybrid Fused Deposition Modelling (H.F.D.M.)…”

A sustainable single-component “Silk nacre”

“…Besides, the strength and modulus of our Silk nacre exceeded many frequently used polymers (Fig. 2C) (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40), suggesting its considerable potential as an alternative to synthetic polymers in terms of mechanical performance.…”

“…(A and B)The Silk nacre shows both better strength and toughness than that of homogeneous silk plate according to the data calculated from stress-strain curves. (C) Comparison of modulus and strength among silk plate, the Silk nacre, and various frequently used polymers [from(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)]. PBS, poly(butylene succinate); PP, polypropylene; PA-6, polyamide 6; PET, polyethylene terephthalate; PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; PC, polycarbonate; ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; PS, polystyrene; the red star refers to the Silk nacre.…”

Three-dimensional printing of dual thermoplastic materials with different layer combinations: Tensile, flexural, and fractured surface investigations

“…Similar observations have been observed by previous researchers. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Figure 9 shows 3-D rendered image and surface roughness profile of ABS and PLA samples of 3-D printed surface (other than fractured surface). Based on Figures 7 and 9, it has been ascertained that surface roughness of the fractured surface is little higher than the 3-D printed surface.…”