A sustainable single-component “Silk nacre”

Xu, Zongpu; Wu, Mingrui; Gao, Weiwei; Bai, Hao

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo0946

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As shown in Figure a–c, a single-component “silk nacre” was fabricated through a facile procedure combining bidirectional freezing, water vapor annealing, and densification. The mechanical properties of such silk nacre exceed many frequently used polymers, confirming the great significance of long-range lamellar architecture obtained by bidirectional freezing (Figure d) …”

Section: Ice-templated Porous Materials: Bioinspired Architecture And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-Templated Fabrication of Porous Materials with Bioinspired Architecture and Functionality

Dai

Gao

et al. 2022

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Biological porous materials, such as polar bear hair, wood, bamboo, and cuttlebone, exhibit outstanding thermal and mechanical properties due to their hierarchical architectures. Specifically, polar bears can retain thermal homeostasis in the extremely cold Arctic due to outstanding thermal insulation property of their porous hairs; wood and bamboo exhibit excellent mechanical strength, highly efficient water and nutrient transport capacity, and low density due to their hierarchically aligned porous architecture; cuttlebone can resist large hydrostatic pressure in the deep-sea environment due to its mechanically efficient porous structure with lamellar septa connected by asymmetrically S-shaped walls. Obviously, the hierarchical architecture is crucial for the excellent performance of biological porous materials. Inspired by these natural design motifs, bioinspired materials with hierarchical architectures have been extensively explored for various applications where excellent mechanical, thermal, and electric properties are highly demanded. As a controllable, versatile, scalable, and environmentalfriendly process, ice templating (or freeze casting) represents an effective approach to mimicking the sophisticated architecture of biological materials in synthetic counterparts, which has attracted wide attention from research groups across the world.In recent years, we have conducted comprehensive studies on the mechanism of the ice-templating approach and provided a rich toolbox based on this technique to meet various manufacturing demands. We systematically studied the material assembly process and the heat and mass transfer mechanism of the ice-templating technology from the aspects of cold surface, temperature field design, and intrinsic properties of the building blocks. First, bidirectional freezing guided by dual temperature gradients was developed to generate a long-range nacre−mimetic lamellar architecture. Next, complex hierarchical lamellar architectures were constructed through freezing on engineered cold surfaces with either wettability gradient or grooved pattern. Additionally, the "freeze-spinning" technique was developed to realize continuous and large-scale fabrication of fibers with aligned porous architecture mimicking polar bear hair. Finally, the applicability of the unidirectional ice-templating technique was broadened from soluble to insoluble polymeric materials through the freezing of emulsion droplets. These techniques have been widely used to fabricate a series of porous materials with bioinspired architectures, which hold great potential in thermal regulation, liquid transport, and mechanical functions for wide applications in various fields. Finally, a concise summary of this Account, including latest development, future challenges and opportunities in the ice-templated fabrication of bioinspired porous materials will be provided. This Account provides guidance for the design and ice-templated fabrication of bioinspired porous materials w...

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Section: Ice-templated Porous Materials: Bioinspired Architecture And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-Templated Fabrication of Porous Materials with Bioinspired Architecture and Functionality

Dai

Gao

et al. 2022

Acc. Mater. Res.

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“…When preparing thermally conductive polymer composites, improving the filler loading usually results in poor mechanical properties. By arranging the BN nanosheets into a biaxially oriented network similar to the architecture of nacre, − our composite possesses high thermal conductivity and high compressive strength simultaneously. These all demonstrate that the BN/PU composite with the biaxially oriented network was an attractive candidate for TIMs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotropically Ultrahigh Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites by Assembling Anisotropic Boron Nitride Nanosheets into a Biaxially Oriented Network

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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The demand for thermally conductive but electrically insulating materials has increased greatly in advanced electronic packaging. To this end, polymer-based composites filled with boron nitride (BN) nanosheets have been intensively studied as thermal interface material (TIM). However, it remains a great challenge to achieve isotropically ultrahigh thermal conductivity in BN/polymer composites due to the inherent thermal property anisotropy of BN nanosheets and/or the insufficient construction of the 3D thermal conductive network. Herein, we present a high-performance BN/polymer composite with a biaxially oriented thermal conductive network by a dendritic ice template. The composite exhibits both ultrahigh in-plane (∼39.0 W m–1 K–1) and through-plane thermal conductivity (∼11.5 W m–1 K–1) at 80 vol % BN loading, largely exceeding those of reported BN/polymer composites. In addition, our composite as a TIM shows higher cooling efficiency than that of commercial TIM with up to 15 °C reduction of the chip temperature and retains good thermal stability even after 1000 heating/cooling cycles. Our strategy represents an effective approach for developing advanced thermal interface materials, which are greatly demanded for advanced electronics and emerging areas like wearable electronics.

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“…Specifically, nacre with a brick‐and‐mortar structure is 3000 times tougher than monolithic CaCO 3 due to the crack deflection at the nanoscale interface between the aragonite layer and biopolymers. [ 3 ] Layered materials [ 4–9 ] mimicking the nacreous lamellar architecture have been widely developed using methods such as vacuum infiltration, [ 10,11 ] additive manufacturing, [ 12 ] freeze‐casting, [ 7,13–15 ] and co‐extruding. [ 16 ] Another intriguing but less studied example is the conch shell with a cross‐lamellar hierarchical architecture at nano‐ to macroscopic scales, exhibiting a toughness ten times higher than nacre.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…manufacturing, [12] freeze-casting, [7,[13][14][15] and co-extruding. [16] Another intriguing but less studied example is the conch shell with a cross-lamellar hierarchical architecture at nano-to macroscopic scales, exhibiting a toughness ten times higher than nacre.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conch‐Shell‐Inspired Tough Ceramic

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Biological structural materials realize outstanding mechanical properties by assembling hard and soft components into complex hierarchical structures, which provide abundant inspirations for synthetic materials. Specifically, conch shell exhibits around ten times higher toughness than widely-explored nacre due to its cross-lamellar architecture at nano-to macroscopic scales. Previously, conch-shell-inspired materials are realized by 3D-printing. However, it remains challenging to translate the properties of conch shell into synthetic materials because of the limited approaches to duplicating complex architecture with high ceramic contents. Here, a surface-pattern-induced icetemplating strategy is reported to fabricate conch-shell-inspired composites with a cross-lamellar structure across a 10 7 -fold range of length. This is realized by directional freezing on a grooved surface, which has previously been confirmed to induce preferential ice growth. These composites have a flexural strength of 165 MPa and a work of fracture of 8.2 kJ m -2 , which are 2.5 and 2 times, respectively, higher than those of conch shell. Such conch-shellinspired structure yields a toughness twice that of nacre-mimetic structure due to multiple crack deflections. Additionally, the impact resistance of these composites is comparable to those of aluminum alloys. The research provides a feasible approach to fabricating bioinspired materials with complex architectures and multifunctionality.

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A sustainable single-component “Silk nacre”

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Ice-Templated Fabrication of Porous Materials with Bioinspired Architecture and Functionality

Ice-Templated Fabrication of Porous Materials with Bioinspired Architecture and Functionality

Isotropically Ultrahigh Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites by Assembling Anisotropic Boron Nitride Nanosheets into a Biaxially Oriented Network

Conch‐Shell‐Inspired Tough Ceramic

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