On-chip antennas using standard CMOS technology: A brief overview

Mandal, Sanjukta; Mal, Ashis Kumar

doi:10.1109/iespc.2017.8071868

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Importantly, the coupling coefficients under consideration, on the order of ≈ 0.01, are expected to be unproblematic to realize over considerably longer distances, on the order of meters and beyond, using optimized electromagnetic structures. It should be noted that even this though initial laboratory demonstration was based on simple inductive coupling, without any attempt at design optimization, the mechanisms are expected to straightforwardly generalize to diverse antenna types, as well as to frequencies well-suited for on-chip coil realization [36], [64], [67].…”

Section: B Noveltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging applications across environmental, biomedical, and structural monitoring require the measurement of physical variables over extended regions. Because addressing many sensors individually can result in impractical bandwidth and power requirements, there is a need for distributed sensing approaches wherein readouts are obtained directly at the ensemble level. In turn, this generally requires sensor nodes capable of interacting with each other to implement the required readout statistic. Here, the first practical steps towards approaching this challenge via a nonlinear analog approach based on chaotic synchronization are presented. Namely, single-transistor oscillators, representing remarkably low-complexity yet highlyflexible entities, are experimentally found to be suitable for wireless coupling via mutual induction, realizing a simple form of telemetry for luminous flux. Via numerical simulations and numerous laboratory experiments, a rich repertoire of possible interactions among multiple sensor nodes and between the same and an external exciter is demonstrated, encompassing synchronization, desynchronization, relay effects, and chaotic transitions. Together, these results reveal the possibility and means of accurately estimating the average of a distributed physical magnitude from the complexity of ensemble dynamics. This new approach contributes an important blueprint for future work using simple chaotic circuits in sensing applications.

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Section: B Noveltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

et al. 2020

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“…Consequently, the 3D ratio (7) for the silicon example is 1/40.0 which means 97.5% (2.5%) of the radiated power is emitted into the dielectric (air). Clearly, the large fields pointed away from the free-space region significantly impacts the performance characteristics of any antenna placed on the interface [1], [2], [4], [6], [7].…”

Section: A Electric Current Sheet On An Air-dielectric Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Custom-Designed Electrically Small Huygens Dipole Antennas Achieve Efficient, Directive Emissions Into Air When Mounted on a High Permittivity Block

Ziolkowski

2019

IEEE Access

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System-on-Chip (SoC) applications include embedded systems and mobile computing platforms. They will play major roles in fifth generation (5G) wireless systems, notably with the many associated IoT (internet-of-things) devices. Their wireless functions are enabled, for example, by on-chip antennas (OCAs), i.e., the system elements that connect them to devices in their external environments. These antennas generally reside on a high permittivity dielectric, such as silicon, which unfortunately causes most of their emitted power to be directed into the dielectric rather than into free space. This feature is quite detrimental, i.e., it leads to a severe degradation of an OCA's radiation efficiency as a transmitter of information to an external receiver and similarly to its poor performance as a receiver since little of its pattern resides in free space, severely limiting its ability to capture power from an external transmitter. Similar issues exist for sensors and communication devices residing on a human body. While many integrated antenna styles have been developed in attempts to deal with these issues, their complexities and remaining inefficiencies remain a bottleneck to their widespread adoption. It is demonstrated analytically and numerically that Huygens radiating systems provide a unique solution to these high permittivity substrate problems. Custom-designed electrically small Huygens dipole antennas that lie on the interface between air and a high permittivity block are reported that efficiently emit the majority of their radiated power into the air region rather than into the dielectric. INDEX TERMS Directivity, electrically small antennas, Huygens dipole antennas, on-body antennas, onchip antennas.

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“…Around six to nine metal layers are available in the SiO 2 with interconnected-vias in a typical CMOS stack-up. The high relative permittivity of Si (ε r =11.9) attracts most of the antenna fields towards the substrate instead of being radiated in the air [8,9]. Further, the low resistivity (~10 Ω-cm) of Si causes the loss of power in the Si substrate as heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Thin Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Gain Enhancement of Antenna-on-Chip

Akhter

Shamim

2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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System-on-Chip (SoC) has become an attractive solution to achieve highly integrated wireless systems. However, the Antenna-on-Chip (AoC) suffers from poor radiation due to the lossy silicon substrate in standard CMOS processes. Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC) with the ground plane above the silicon can enhance the radiation, however, fitting the AMC completely in the thin stack-up (~10-15 μm) is extremely challenging, particularly for frequencies below 100 GHz. In this paper, Metallic Posts (MP) and Embedded Guiding Structures (EGS) have been investigated to reduce the AMC thickness by employing the available vias and metal layers in the stack-up. An in-house CMOS-compatible process has been used to realize the AoC, where typical low-conductivity adhesion layers have been avoided to reduce the undesired losses by using the surface roughness in a unique fashion. With MP and EGS approaches, AMC thickness can be reduced by 33% and 41% respectively. The AMC with EGS fits within an oxide of a thickness of 16 μm. A monopole antenna, backed by this AMC, demonstrates a gain of 5.85 dBi and radiation efficiency of 57% at 94 GHz, bettering the gain and radiation efficiency by 9.15 dB and 42% respectively as compared to the case without AMC.

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On-chip antennas using standard CMOS technology: A brief overview

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

Custom-Designed Electrically Small Huygens Dipole Antennas Achieve Efficient, Directive Emissions Into Air When Mounted on a High Permittivity Block

Ultra-Thin Artificial Magnetic Conductor for Gain Enhancement of Antenna-on-Chip

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