Olive Oil‐Based Fat Emulsion Versus Soy Oil‐Based Fat Emulsion in Abdominal Oncologic Surgery

Abstract

In parenteral nutrition (PN), essential fatty acids are provided by soy oil-based fat emulsions, which may exert adverse effects on the immune system and lipid peroxidation. Olive oil -based fat emulsions have been said to prevent these undesired effects. This study compares effects of olive oil - and soy oil -based fat emulsions in 22 patients who underwent abdominal surgery for cancer. The first group (n = 10) received soy oil -based fat emulsion; the second group (n = 10) received olive oil -based fat emulsion. Body temperature, body mass index, (BMI) and biochemical variables were measured on days 0 and 7. There were no differences between the groups with regard to BMI or temperature. On day 7, the first group (compared with day 0) had significant increases in plasma alkaline phosphatase (81.70 ± 16.03 vs 117.60 ± 11.1), γ-glutamyl transferase (39.90 ± 15.40 vs 137.70 ± 24.09), and mean body temperature (36.72°C ± 0.14°C vs 37.20°C ± 0.17°C) (P < .01). Second group had increases in alkaline phosphatase (85.80 ± 13.46 vs 147.20 ± 34.17), γ-glutamyl transferase (48.40 ± 12.86 vs 129.40 ± 42.03), total protein (5.14 ± 0.19 vs 6.06 ± 0.49), and albumin (2.62 ± 0.14 vs 3.00 ± 0.18) (P < .05). Changes in thiobutyric acid levels were not statistically significant in either group. In postoperative cancer patients, olive oil-based fat emulsion had similar effects on BMI, body temperature, biochemical values, and thiobutyric acid levels as soy oil-based fat emulsions.

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Extra Virgin Olive Oil

“…In fact, due to importance of the environment, culture condition, and soil to the final composition of the oil, difference exists between inter/intraregion EVOO compounds. On the other context, due to the benefic effect of the oil, we can propose the EVOO as an adjuvant, vehicle, or emulsion in a treatment context and have a synergistic effect [40] or to prevent undesired effects of other used lipids [41]. …”

Biological and Clinical Aspects of an Olive Oil-Based Lipid Emulsion—A Review

“…In the olive oil group, infection types included respiratory ( n = 3), abdominal ( n = 3), urinary tract ( n = 4), and surgical incision ( n = 1), while in the olive + fish oil group, infections included abdominal ( n = 1), surgical wound ( n = 1), and blood stream infection ( n = 1) [ 33 ]. In several studies, no significant difference between olive oil and soybean oil groups in infection rates was noted; however, these studies were likely underpowered to detect significant differences [ 26 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In the largest study to date, Jia and colleagues reported that olive oil-based ILE was associated with a significantly lower infection rate compared with soybean oil-based ILE ( Figure 4 ) [ 20 ].…”

“…In contrast, numerous clinical studies have investigated markers of oxidative stress including total antioxidant status (TAS), total antioxidant capacity, TBARS, F2-isoprostane, vitamin Eα-tocopherol levels, pentane, or malondialdehyde (MDA). Most studies have reported no differences in oxidative stress markers between olive oil-based and soybean oil-based [ 20 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], MCT/LCT [ 60 , 62 , 63 ], or fish oil-based [ 64 , 65 ] ILE ( Table 3 ). Furthermore, a systematic review of studies in hospitalized pediatric patients suggested that available studies do not support one ILE over another with regard to benefits on oxidative stress [ 66 ].…”

“…In adult patients after abdominal surgery, one study reported that in the olive oil group, TC, HDL, LDL, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels decreased from baseline, while in the soybean oil group these same parameters increased, with no significant differences between olive oil-based and soybean oil-based ILEs [ 38 ]. Another study reported no change from baseline in TC, HDL, LDL, or triglyceride levels after administration of olive oil-based ILE [ 71 ].…”

Olive Oil and Soybean Oil Based Intravenous Lipid Emulsions, Liver Biochemistry and Clinical Outcomes

“…Conversely, in a randomized controlled study with surgical adult patients (which differed by the PN delivery system (3-chamber system vs. lipids separate) and electrolyte dosing (standard dosing vs. custom prescription) as well as differing in IVLE) [ 25 ], patients receiving olive oil based IVLE experienced significantly fewer overall infections and higher albumin and pre-albumin compared with patients receiving Intralipid. In a separate non-randomized trial, no differences in catheter infections were observed along with ALT and TB between patients matched on age and gender after seven days of PN with either soybean or olive oil based IVLE post abdominal surgery, however ALP was significantly higher in the olive oil-based emulsion group [ 32 ].…”