Ökologische Studien an Populationen von Makro-Invertebraten auf verunreinigten Seetang-Wäldern in der Nordsee

Abstract

I N T R O D U C T I O NOne feature of the East coast of Britain is the concentration of heavy industry around the lower reaches of the Rivers Forth, Tyne, Wear and Tees. Industrialisation, with its attendant development of large urban populations, has gone hand in hand with the production of an increasing amount of waste material which is voided into the sea. Man's activities in this direction may be broadly considered in two categories: (1) Man as a geomorphological force speeding up the transport of terrigenous material to the sea. (2) Man as a geochemical force manufacturing substances which do not occur naturally anywhere in the crust and voiding them into the sea.The result is pollution, which is defined here as the addition of anything to the sea which brings about disruption of the natural balance of the ecosystem present in the vicinity of the outfall.

Macrophytes as habitat for fauna

“…There have been a number of studies on macrophytes as habitats, but they mainly focus on fauna associated with single species of small red algae (e.g. Dommasnes 1969, Norderhaug 2004, seaweeds (Colman 1940, Hagerman 1966, Edgar 1991, kelps (Jones 1971, Moore 1973, 1986, Edwards 1980, Schultze et al 1990 or seagrasses (e.g. Nelson, 1980, Baden & Phil 1984, Edgar 1990, Baden & Boström 2000.…”

Invertebrate communities in holdfasts of the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from southern Chile

“…Only occasionally have the ecological interactions of the invertebrate communities occurring in the holdfasts been analysed or even described (Jones, 1971(Jones, , 1972(Jones, , 1973Moore, 1972Moore, , 1973bMoore, , c, 1974Moore, , 1978. The knowledge of the fauna inhabiting holdfasts of Macrocystis pyrifera is not a n exception to this trend.…”

Nonlinear multivariate models of successional change in community structure using the von Bertalanffy curve

“…The holdfast consists of the basal part of the kelp plant, where it forms root-like branches to hold the plant securely to the substratum, forming a discrete complex habitat for many other marine organisms. The holdfasts of kelp have been studied in many parts of the world and are known to house a great diversity of marine life, primarily invertebrates (Jones 1971;Moore 1973;Edwards 1980;Sheppard et al 1980;Smith et al 1996). These ''sampling packages'' of high biodiversity may also be used as indicators of environmental impacts due to sewage (Smith 1996), turbidity (Moore 1973;Edwards 1980), oil spills (Smith andSimpson 1995, 1998) or pollution across large spatial scales (Jones 1971).…”

“…Jones (1971) suggested that the volume of the holdfast (or rather, a calculation based on the volume which he referred to as ''ecospace''), could be used as a proxy for succession in the assemblage. As the plant grows, the volume of the holdfast available for colonisation also grows.…”