Oil–water–oil multiple emulsions for prolonged delivery of hydrocortisone after topical application: comparison with simple emulsions

The Effects of Emulsifiers and Emulsion Formulation Types on Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…The effect of the type of emulsion on dermal and transdermal delivery was furthermore dependent on the dosing condition (fi nite nonoccluded vs. infi nite occluded). With fi nite dosing under non-occluded conditions, the physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of the formulation modifi ed rapidly after application onto the skin, whereas at infi nite dosing under occluded conditions, the thermodynamic properties did not alter signifi cantly (Laugel et al 1998b ).…”

“…However, the uptake of the lipophilic actives into the epidermis and dermis was higher from the multiple o/w/o emulsion than from the simple w/o emulsion (Laugel et al 1998a , b ). Similarly, a release study showed that the release of hydrocortisone was slower from a multiple o/w/o emulsion than from a simple w/o emulsion, as the active needed to diffuse from the internal phase, across the aqueous phase and into the external phase (Laugel et al 1998b ). Both studies hence confi rmed that multiple o/w/o emulsions could be used as prolonged, topical delivery systems for lipophilic drugs, when incorporated in the internal oily phase and applied as a fi nite dose.…”

“…Both studies hence confi rmed that multiple o/w/o emulsions could be used as prolonged, topical delivery systems for lipophilic drugs, when incorporated in the internal oily phase and applied as a fi nite dose. Furthermore, these multiple emulsions exhibited the advantages of reducing the transdermal delivery and therefore the systemic effects of the lipophilic drugs, whereas the dermal delivery was increased, thus showing a controlled release of the drugs to the site of action (Laugel et al 1998b ). However, it should be noted that no signifi cant differences in transdermal delivery were observed between w/o and o/w/o emulsions, when an infi nite dose of hydroquinone containing emulsions was applied onto the skin (Laugel et al 1998b ).…”

Mass Transfers Within Emulsions Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) - Application to Composition Ripening and Solid Ripening

“…The extracted molecule is then directly released in the external phase which ruins the extraction process (Yan & Pal, 2001, 2004Mortaheb et al, 2008). If O/W/O multiple emulsions have been less extensively studied, they can also finds potential applications in food, cosmetics and controlled delivery drugs Mishra & Pandit, 1989;Laugel et al, 1998Laugel et al, , 2000Yu et al, 2003). They are found also in application in separation processes of hydrocarbons (Krishna et al, 1987;Garti & Kovacs, 1991).…”

In vivo lymphatic targeting of methylene blue with microemulsion and multiple microemulsion

“…Multiple water-in-oilin-water microemulsions are complex liquid dispersions in which oil globules, containing small droplets of water, are dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase (Florence and Whitehill, 1982;Benichou et al, 2004). In the last 15 years, these emulsion systems have proved their interest for the encapsulation of various active compounds such as hormones (Cole and Whateley, 1997;Cournarie et al, 2004), steroids (Laugel et al, 1998), and antiseptics (Tedajo et al, 2005).…”