The Effects of Emulsifiers and Emulsion Formulation Types on Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Otto, Anja; Plessis, Jeanetta du

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45013-0_16

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Droplet size analysis in our study showed large, white, oily droplets trapped in the middle of the aqueous phase with a size range from 2 to 100 μ m with a D50 around 15 μ m (diameter D50 at 50% of cumulative volume). This distribution is typical of O/W emulsion cream stabilized with a conventional nonionic surfactant which promotes tissue regeneration and enhances skin penetration of the active ingredient [ 29 , 30 ]. This type of emulsion system is known as a macroemulsion as the dispersed droplets are bigger than 0.1 μ m. The majority of emulsions belong to this category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats

Bardaa

Makni

Boudaouara

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Despite advances in diabetes care, impaired diabetic wound healing remains a significant clinical problem. The present study was aimed at developing a novel cream based on Ginkgo biloba extract and investigating its wound healing effect on full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. The topical formulated oil-in-water emulsion-based cream contains Ginkgo biloba aqueous extract in an amount of about 1% to 5% as an active agent. The prepared formula was subjected to physicochemical assessment and pharmacotechnical characterization. Eighteen alloxan-induced diabetic rats completing full-thickness excisional skin wounds were randomly divided into three groups topically treated with either a normal saline (control group), the reference drug (“Cytol Centella cream®”), and cream based on the Ginkgo biloba extract. The response to treatment was assessed by macroscopic, qualitative, and quantitative histopathological analysis. The prepared formula showed good physicochemical properties. The rheological behavior of the prepared cream followed a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic pattern at different storage temperatures. The cream, which is a macroemulsion with uniform size distribution, remained stable for 6 months. Skin tolerance studies confirmed the compatibility of the cream with the skin. During the experimental trial, the cream based on the Ginkgo biloba-treated group showed significant improvements over the control and reference groups for both general wound appearance and healing dynamics. This increased rate of closure of wounds in diabetic rats was associated with increased collagen synthesis. Our findings showed that the cream could be a promising and innovative topical treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract for the management of acute diabetic wounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats

Bardaa

Makni

Boudaouara

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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show abstract

“…However, given the lipophilic nature of skin, lipid-based delivery systems provide an efficient method to bypass this constraint. Emulsions and nanoemulsions are both commonly used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications to deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic active compounds across the barrier (Otto and Plessis, 2015). Emulsions offer better organoleptic properties than oily solutions being non-greasy, non-staining and washable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermelon seeds and peels: fatty acid composition and cosmeceutical potential

Petchsomrit

McDermott

Chanroj

et al. 2020

OCL

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Watermelon consumption results in generation of organic waste in the form of seeds and peels. We have evaluated the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content of watermelon (Kinnaree cultivar) seed oil and peel wax. In addition, we assessed the potential use of these watermelon industry byproducts in the development of cosmeceuticals. The most abundant fatty acids in seed oil and peel wax were linoleic acid and arachidic acid, respectively. Fatty acids form an essential component in the cell membranes and have seen increased recognition in the cosmeceutical industry. Antioxidants also play a beneficial role in skincare in combating free-radicals resulting from sun damage and pollutants. The seed oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than the peel wax, as indicated by the DPPH radical scavenging ability of 0.894 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g dried seeds versus 0.036 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g dried peels. Therefore, the seed oil was formulated into skincare products, in the form of emulsions and nanoemulsions. The most effective formulae were stable at room temperature for seven days, or following repeated cycles of heating and cooling. This work demonstrates the potential for watermelon seed oil to be employed in skincare product formulations, which could maximize agricultural profit and minimize environmental waste.

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“…This phenomenon can be explained by the high concentration of the spray product applied during trial 2 associated with avoiding the first hepatic passage. In addition, the selected fipronil formulation is composed of about 10% ethanol and various emulsifiers, well known for their transdermal enhancer properties [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fipronil and Fipronil Sulfone Distribution in Chicken Feathers and Eggs after Oral and Dermal Exposure

Corrias

Atzei

Taddeo

et al. 2021

Foods

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This work aimed to investigate the bio-distribution and the persistence of fipronil and its primary metabolite fipronil sulfone after oral and dermal administration by simulating natural farming conditions. Fipronil and fipronil sulfone detection and quantification were performed in different poultry matrices using an LC-MS/MS method coupled with modified QuEChERS extraction. After oral administration, fipronil was detected in feathers at each sampling time, in eggs for 28 days, and in the internal organs at the end of the experiment. After dermal administration, high levels of fipronil were detected in feathers, accounting for 195.85 ± 8.54 mg/kg, which were reduced by a third after 60 days. No traces of fipronil were detected in the eggs or internal organs. In addition, fipronil sulfone showed remarkable residues in all samples in trial 2. The data obtained confirmed that inappropriate use of unauthorized pesticides can lead to severe contamination of entire poultry farms. The contemporary presence of fipronil sulfone in feathers and eggs associated with the lack of fipronil in eggs suggests recent dermal contamination or past oral contamination. Moreover, simultaneous analysis of hens’ feathers and eggs could represent a new method to improve large-scale monitoring programs and animal welfare, limiting their slaughter.

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The Effects of Emulsifiers and Emulsion Formulation Types on Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats

Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats

Watermelon seeds and peels: fatty acid composition and cosmeceutical potential

Fipronil and Fipronil Sulfone Distribution in Chicken Feathers and Eggs after Oral and Dermal Exposure

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