Oil extraction from Australian Condor oil shale with water and CO in the presence of Na2CO3

Solvent Extraction of Bitumen from Jordan Oil Shale Assisted by Low Frequency Ultrasound

“…distributed in many parts of the country but the major Since the Soxhlet method have some drawbacks, deposit, known as El-Lajjun is located south of Amman namely: long extraction time, a minimal quantity of in central Jordan and is easily accessible from the desert sample required for a complete run and the solvent highway 1) . The El-Lajjun oil shale are naturally bituboiling point, other extraction procedures have been minous marls and are varying shade of brown, grey or reported, such as: supercritical fluids extraction 7) , flash black with typical bluish light-grey color when weaththermal desorption…”

The structure and reactivity of a low-sulfur lacustrine oil shale (Colorado U.S.A.) compared with those of a high-sulfur marine oil shale (Julia Creek, Queensland, Australia)

“…However, this leaves much of the organic matter in the residue, and interest has been expressed in more complete utilization of the organic matter by other methods, e.g. liquefaction under reducing gases [8][9][10][11]. For deeply buried shale deposits, such as the Green River oil shale in western USA, in situ extraction would be the only practicable method of obtaining the oil and is currently being evaluated [12,13].…”

Processing of Fuel Materials with Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water

“…The yield is higher than the yield of the Fischer assay of 33 wt% [56]. Due to the experimental procedure in a batch autoclave, no data can be obtained that would be useful for real production process.…”