Ocular allergy: update on clinical trials

Abstract

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the advances made through recent clinical trials regarding the treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and its associated conditions. Recent findings Recent studies have demonstrated significant advancement in the various forms of immunotherapy treatments. Nutritional interventions such as probiotics have surfaced as a viable complementary treatment option. Novel delivery methods such as contact lenses have been further studied along with a new tacrolimus formulation to improve ocular levels of the drug. Summary Currently, the primary advances in treatment for allergic conjunctivitis has shifted from new ophthalmic agents to immunotherapy and improvement of drug delivery. This includes the classic subcutaneous and sublingual and the novel epicutaneous and intralymphatic immunotherapy delivery systems as well as an edible rice vaccine. New targets for treatment have spurred research into new antagonist drugs such as (OC000459), a prostaglandin D2 antagonist. The Marinosolv formulation using tacrolimus shows promise and may be considered for other ophthalmic agents in the future. Other nonpharmacological treatments such as stenting and mechanical barrier gel have demonstrated their usefulness in treating ocular symptoms.

The Role of Th17 Cells and IL-17 in Th2 Immune Responses of Allergic Conjunctivitis

“…Common treatments include eye drops containing antihistamine drugs, mast cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal drugs, and corticosteroids. Standard treatments are separate local antihistamine drug use or the use of local mast cell stabilizers alone or topical dual antihistamine-mast cell stabilizing agents [108][109][110]. ey can effectively reduce the symptoms and signs of AC.…”

“…Meanwhile, allergen immunotherapy is both safe and effective treatment [103]. In addition, the current major advances in treatment are immunotherapy, including classic subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy and novel subcutaneous and intralymphatic immunotherapy drug delivery systems, as well as edible rice vaccines [109,112].…”

Identifying and addressing common contributors to nonadherence with ophthalmic medical therapy

“…Novel SRDDs for the management of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis are in development [210,211]. The dexamethasone intracanalicular insert has already been approved for this indication [212] based on the results of multiple phase 3 trials [213 ▪▪ ,214,215].…”

Fatores desencadeantes da conjuntivite alérgica na criança e adolescente: protocolo de revisão de escopo

“…A conjuntivite alérgica é caracterizada como uma reação inflamatória da conjuntiva mediada por mastócitos e IgE aos alérgenos ambientais, principalmente ao pólen e ao ácaro, ocorrendo uma reação alérgica do tipo 1 (Bielory & Schoenberg, 2019;Iordache et 2022). Em pacientes sensibilizados, o alérgeno chega à conjuntiva e desencadeia a reação: células Th2 produzem citocinas que induzem a produção de imunoglobulina E (IgE) pelas células B.…”