Ocorrência de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul associada à infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

Introduction: Understanding the diversity of sand flies is important for the epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to understand the frequency, diversity, and seasonality of medically important sand flies in the municipality of Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted in an urban area, including four ecotypes with different levels of urbanization. The sand flies were collected using light traps for three nights per month, from May 2014 to April 2015. Results: A total of 62,745 sand flies was collected, 52.34% of which were female. The frequency and diversity of sand flies was the highest in areas of permanent preservation (APPs) (96.85%), and was lower in more urbanized areas. Lutzomyia dasypodogeton was the most frequent species in the APPs. Lutzomyia antunesi was the most frequent in neighborhoods with forest fragments and neighborhoods around APPs, and L. aragaoi was the most frequent in completely urbanized neighborhoods. A higher frequency and diversity of sand flies was observed in the rainy season (87.92%) than in the dry season (12.08%). Eight medically important species were captured, and Lutzomyia antunesi, which is associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, was observed in all ecotypes throughout the year. Conclusions: We observed a high frequency and diversity of sand flies in all urban areas, and some species collected were major vectors of leishmaniasis. These results support the need for further studies of the natural rates of infection of these insects and the circulation of the disease in hosts and vectors.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2007 and 2014, the State of MT registered 348 cases of the disease, with a mortality rate of 15.20 in 2013 (2) . The disease is currently recorded in urban and rural areas in the North, South-Central, and Southeast regions of the State of MT (3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Thies

Bronzoni

Espinosa

et al. 2016

“…Because of its growing distribution and its complex epidemiological characteristics, with regard not only to clinical forms, diagnosis and treatment but also to control, ACL is an endemic disease in Brazil of paramount importance for public health 9 . Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify the circulating species of Leishmania in Pernambuco, describe its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and diagnose cases of ACL infection, thereby contributing towards knowledge of the epidemiological aspects of this disease in northeastern Brazil, a region where the incidence of this disease has been increasing considerably.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco

Reis

et al. 2008

The diagnosis for American cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on an association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics. The present study identified the circulating species of Leishmania in the State of Pernambuco, described its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and diagnosed the disease. Nineteen patients presenting active lesions who had been diagnosed through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were selected. The tests included direct investigation, in vitro culturing, Montenegro skin test, indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction. The Montenegro Skin Test showed positive results in 89% of the patients; indirect immunofluorescence, in 79%; direct investigation, in 58%; and polymerase chain reaction in 75%. Seven Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis samples were isolated from these patients and were characterized by means of specific monoclonal antibodies. These data confirm that a combination of different diagnosis techniques is needed in order to obtain efficient results and that, so far, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the only species responsible for American cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Pernambuco. Thus, it is essential to identify the parasite species involved in cases of human disease in an endemic area in order to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, especially with regard to diagnosis, therapy development and disease prognosis. Key-words:American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Montenegro skin test. Indirect immunofluorescence. Polymerase chain reaction. RESUMOO diagnóstico da leishmaniose cutânea americana é baseado na associação dos aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais. O presente estudo identificou a espécie de Leishmania circulante no Estado de Pernambuco, descreveu os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e diagnosticou a doença. Foram selecionados 19 pacientes apresentando lesão ativa e diagnosticados através de avaliação clínica e pelos exames laboratoriais que incluíram a pesquisa direta, cultivo in vitro, intradermorreação de Montenegro, imunofluorescência indireta e reação em cadeia de polymerase. A intradermorreação de Montenegro apresentou resultado positivo em 89% dos pacientes. A imunofluorescência indireta apresentou 79% de positividade, a pesquisa direta apresentou 58% e a reação em cadeia de polymerase 75% de positividade. Sete amostras de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis foram isoladas desses pacientes e caracterizadas através de anticorpos monoclonais específicos. Esses dados confirmam que é necessário a combinação de diferentes técnicas diagnósticas para se obter resultados eficientes e que, até o momento, a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis é a única espécie responsável pela infecção da leishmaniose cutânea americana em Pernambuco. Portanto, a identificação da espécie do parasito envolvido nos casos da doença no homem em uma área endêmica é essencial para o conhecimento dos aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos, sobretudo para o diagnóstico e para o desenvol...

“…Moreover, if the vector explosion and the exposure of military personnel for training coincide, as reported during the analyzed period, outbreaks may occur. A case in point is the probable period of infection already reported for human cases 9 . The confirmation of natural infection of the sentinel exposed during the peak of this species (March) reinforces this point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reports of Bichromomyia flaviscutellata in Mato Grosso do Sul are relatively recent 2,6 , as is the confirmation of human and animal cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) associated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection 9,10 . With the purpose of improving current understand regarding leishmaniasis epidemiology in the municipality of Bela Vista, MS, an area in which human cases occur, investigation of the phlebotomine fauna attracted to Disney traps was conducted using hamsters as baits, a recognized attraction for L. amazonensis vectors.…”

Section: Sand Fly Captures With Disney Traps In Area Of Occurrence Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand fly captures with Disney traps in area of occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil

Dorval

Alves

Cristaldo

et al. 2010

Self Cite

INTRODUCTION: The work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of Bela Vista, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The captures were conducted with modified Disney traps, using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait, from May 2004 to January 2006. RESULTS: Ten species of phlebotomine sandflies were captured: Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The two predominant species were Ev bourrouli (57.3%) and Bi flaviscutellata (41.4%), present at all sampling sites. Two of the 36 hamsters used as bait presented natural infection with Leishmania. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results revealed the efficiency of Disney traps for capturing Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and the simultaneous presence of both vector and the Leishmania species transmitted by the same can be considered a predictive factor of the occurrence of leishmaniasis outbreaks for the human population that occupies the location.