Ocorrência de desoxinivalenol em trigo nacional e importado utilizado no Brasil

Abstract

A fusariose, também conhecida como giberela é uma doença importante, causada principalmente pelo fungo Fusarium graminearum, que afeta de forma generalizada as regiões produtoras de trigo do Brasil e dos principais países do qual o produto é importado. Além dos danos diretos causados pela doença, os grãos infectados podem ser tóxicos para o homem e animais devido à presença de micotoxinas especialmente o desoxinivalenol (DON) AbstractFusarium Head Blight or scab is an important disease mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum that occurs in Brazil and the world's wheatgrowing areas. Moreover, there are direct damages caused by this disease and the infected kernels may be toxic for humans and animals due to the presence of mycotoxins (e.g deoxynivalenol -DON). DON contamination was evaluated in a total of 100 wheat samples, and 50 were from national production (São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states) and 50 were imported (Argentina and Paraguay). The samples were collected during the period of May to December, 2005 from companies that normally commercialize or process wheat and are analyzed by a thin layer of chromatography. Ninety-four percent of national wheat samples and 88% of the imported samples were DON contaminated. The mean level of the national wheat samples (332 µg.kg -1 ) was higher than (p ≤ 0.05) imported wheat samples (90 µg.kg -1 ). Only 2 national wheat samples showed contamination higher than 1.250 µg.kg -1 , which is the maximum level established by European Community Regulation. Keywords: deoxynivalenol; Fusarium graminearum; mycotoxin; occurrence wheat; scab. A fusariose, também conhecida como giberela ("Fusarium head blight ou Scab") é uma doença que ocorre frequentemente em trigo, devido às condições climáticas, às práticas culturais e à susceptibilidade dos cultivares. É causada por fungos do gênero, Fusarium, sendo mais freqüentes, F. graminearum, F. culmorum e F. avenaceum. Está presente em toda América do Sul e também de forma generalizada em todo mundo principalmente em áreas úmidas e temperadas. A doença é observada durante o espigamento da planta, sendo a fase mais crítica a floração, podendo se estender até o inicio da maturação do grão. Algumas glumas da espiga ou mesmo toda espiga podem ser infectadas e facilmente identificadas no campo principalmente quando há formação de uma massa rosada de esporos 4,18,21 . No Brasil, a fusariose tornou-se, nos últimos anos, a principal doença nas regiões tritícolas, principalmente na região Sul do País 10 . Ocorrência de desoxinivalenol em trigo nacional e importado utilizado no Brasil Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in national and imported wheat used in BrazilAlém dos danos diretos à cultura causados pela doença, os grãos infectados podem apresentar contaminação com micotoxinas, sendo tóxicas tanto para o homem quanto para os animais. Entre as micotoxinas destaca-se o desoxinivalenol (DON ou vomitoxina). Em animais, o DON causa recusa de alimento e vômitos, principalmente em suínos. Na Ásia, foram relatados vários surtos de doenças agudas...

Mycobiota and occurrence of Fumonisin B1 in wheat harvested in Southern Brazil

“…The subtropical climate of southern Brazil associated with the non-adoption of direct planting systems can favor the onset of severe epidemics, such as scab, a major fungal disease that attacks wheat grain, leading to serious problems including production losses and low quality of grain (ASTOLFI et al, 2011). In addition to the economic impacts, fungi also produce mycotoxins, and the most frequently reported in wheat are deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEA) (CALORI-DOMINGUES et al, 2007;ASTOLFI et al, 2011;DEL PONTE et al, 2012).…”

Deoxynivalenol in wheat and wheat products from a harvest affected by fusarium head blight

“…Dne of the best-known diseases that commonly affect this cereal is Fusarium head blight, triggered by infection of Fusarium fungi, which not only cause diseases in plants but also produce toxic substances known as mycotoxins through their secondary metabolism (Calori-Domingues et al, 2007).…”

“…DDN is also known as vomitoxin, because it causes vomiting, especially when consumed by pigs. It is toxicologically relevant, and its synthesis is stimulated by high humidity (Miller, 1995;Beyer et al, 2005), with high incidence in winter cereals, such as wheat and wheat products consumed by humans (Miller, 1995;Mallmann et al, 2003;Calori-Domingues et al, 2007 Health Drganization (WHD) considers DDN as a neurotoxin with a teratogenic nature and immunosuppressive characteristics, and, as trichothecenes in general, it has been associated with chronic and fatal intoxication of humans and animals through consumption of contaminated food (Rotter et al, 1996).…”

Antifungal potential and phytochemistry of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa CAV aerial parts

“…are also found in wheat, particularly F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum, causing Fusariosis, (CALORI-DOMINGUES et al, 2007), which is considered one of the major diseases of wet regions in Brazil (PANISSON et al, 2002;CASA et al, 2004;CALORI-DOMINGUES et al, 2007). The presence of mycotoxins is associated with symptoms of acute illnesses such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, gastrointestinal problems, and diarrhea; thus, in crops of corn and wheat, the presence of these pathogenic fungi can reduce productivity and cause damage to animal and human health, in addition to being difficult to control (CASA et al, 2004).…”