Occurrence of Supernumerary Nipples in Newborns

Supernumerary nipples: prevalence, size, sex and side predilection - a prospective clinical study

“…Conversely other authors could not detect any correlation between supernumerary nipples and urinary tract malformations [5,6,8,12,13]. The discrepancy between the two opinions has been explained by ethnic or geographic variations and by dierences in methods applied.…”

Seven nipples in a male: World′s second case report

“…Removal using liquid nitrogen cryotherapy has been described. [13] The removal of polymastia or a complete ectopic supernumerary nipple (with breast) is more involved but is indicated in women at high risk of developing breast cancer. [14] To avoid an unsightly scar after the removal of a complete ectopic supernumerary nipple, the tumescent liposuction technique has been suggested.…”

“…[2] The prevalence of supernumerary nipples varies with different reports. The prevalence is 0.22% in a Hungarian population,[3]1.63% in black American neonates,[4]2.5% in Israeli neonates,[5]4.7% in Israeli Arabic children,[6] and 5.6% in German children. [7] These variabilities are attributed at least partially to differences in geographic regions, ethnic groups, and methodology, including methods of physical examination, as well as the age groups participating in the studies.…”

Disorders of the Female Breast in the Pediatric Age Group

“…4 This abnormality is not uncommon and has an incidence of 0.2 to 2.5 percent. [5][6][7][8] These nipples are most commonly found below the breast but above the lower abdominal skin. They have been reported to be bilateral in 50 percent of patients, 9,10 and have been found in unusual locations such as the scapula, posterior thigh, head, and neck.…”