Occurrence of pathogens in soils and plants in a long-term field study regularly amended with different composts and manure

Ünlü

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

2016

Purpose In waters and wastes, direct pathogen detection is difficult and time consuming. Therefore, coliforms are used as indicators to measure the presence of pathogens. Composts originated from extrements, sewage sludges and plant wastes those contact with manures may have potential health hazard to human. Therefore, the detection of coliforms both during composting and in the obtained composts is used to investigate the presence of pathogens for determination of the potential health risk. Methods In this study, the effect of six different aeration rates on elimination of total and faecal coliform bacteria was investigated during in-vessel aerobic composting of vegetable-fruit wastes. Total coliform and faecal coliform numbers in the samples were measured by the most probable number method. Results Coliforms significantly increased before the thermophilic stage except the faecal coliforms in the reactor which operated with the lowest aeration. The coliforms suddenly decreased after thermophilic stage in all reactors. Total coliforms reduced within the range of 78.2-99.9 % while faecal coliforms reduced within the range of 72.5-99.9 % after the thermophilic stage. At the end of the composting period (day 18), total coliforms and faecal coliforms reduced within the range of 99.9-100 %. Conclusions Although all the aeration rates used in the present study were effective for the elimination of coliforms, the lowest faecal coliform number was seen in the reactor that had the lowest aeration rate. At the end of the study, the faecal coliform numbers in all reactors confirmed some limits for the application activities of composts.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of aeration rate on elimination of coliforms during composting of vegetable–fruit wastes

Ünlü

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

2016

“…Thus, swine production is among the activities with the greatest impacts, especially due to its high concentration of organic matter, nutrients and pathogens that can lead to contamination of soil and water resources and endanger human health and environmental quality when the waste is discarded without pretreatment (BAUMGARTNER et al, 2007;KUNZ et al, 2009;MARTINEZ et al, 2009;TOPP et al, 2009;ZIEMER et al, 2010;CHELME-AYALAA et al, 2011;TECHIO et al, 2011;BROCHIER et al, 2012;GARCIA et al, 2012;VIANCELLI et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogen survivability in soil varies according to species and environmental conditions and can survive for prolonged periods after its application (MILLNER, 2009;VENGLOVSK et al, 2009;ZIEMER et al, 2010;BROCHIER et al, 2012;GARCIA et al, 2012): E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter of 3-6 months, Listeria bacteria of up to 6 months (NICHOLSON et al, 2005;ZIEMER et al, 2010); protozoan cysts, 10 days; enteric viruses, one year and helminthes eggs, 2-7 years (SCHMIDT et al, 2007). Thus, the need for reduction of pathogens in manure at different levels depending on its use or disposal, seeking health aspects in animal production and maintenance of human health and enabling water reuse in creative unit, to non-potable purposes (SCHMIDT et al, 2007;CHADWICK et al, 2008;MARTINEZ et al, 2009, TOPP et al, 2009BROCHIER et al, 2012) is evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine manure post-treatment technologies for pathogenic organism inactivation

Bilotta

Kunz

2013

Eng. Agríc.

) and physical treatment (3 a 4 log: 220 mJ UV radiation cm -2 ). The biological treatment (anaerobiosis) also promotes the pathogen reduction of swine manure, however with lower efficiency (1 to 2 log). The selection of the treatment should consider: implementation and operation cost, necessity of preliminary treatment, efficiency obtained and destination of the treated manure (agricultural use, water reuse). Brazilian regulation does not have specific guidelines for the microbiological quality of animal production effluents that is very important to be considered due to confined animal feeding operation transformation in the last years in the country.KEYWORDS: chemical treatment, physical treatment, effluent reuse, biosecurity. TECNOLOGIAS DE PÓS-TRATAMENTO DE DEJETOS SUÍNOS PARA INATIVAR ORGANISMOS PATOGÊNICOSRESUMO: O uso agrícola de dejetos suínos é uma prática comum no Brasil. Suas características físico-químicas favorecem seu aproveitamento como biofertilizante, porém a presença de patógenos pode representar um risco à saúde humana. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo das principais alternativas de desinfecção de dejetos suínos, analisando eficiência, vantagens e limitações de cada procedimento. Os estudos de desinfecção reportados na literatura são baseados nos seguintes tratamentos: alcalino, térmico, biológico, químico e físico. As maiores eficiências de redução de patógenos estão no tratamento térmico (>4 log: ). O tratamento biológico (anaerobiose) também promove a redução de patógenos em dejetos suínos, porém com menor eficiência (1 a 2 log). A seleção do tratamento deve considerar: custo de implantação e operação, necessidade de tratamento preliminar, eficiência obtida e o destino do dejeto tratado (uso agrícola, reúso de água). A legislação brasileira não define diretrizes específicas de qualidade microbiológica dos efluentes da produção animal, o que rapidamente precisa ser estabelecido devido às transformações que a atividade tem sofrido nos últimos anos no País.

J of Separation Science

Fast ultrasound‐assisted extraction combined with LC–MS/MS of perfluorinated compounds in manure

García-Valcárcel

Tadeo

2013

A fast analytical method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in poultry manure by LC-MS/MS was developed. The extraction was carried out by ultrasound-assisted extraction of 1 g of sample, during 2 × 15 min using low volume (5.5 mL) of a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile. An efficient extraction of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides from poultry manure was obtained with recoveries higher than 81%. The cleanup of extracts was carried out by dispersive SPE. The validation of the proposed method showed the suitability of this procedure to determine perfluorinated compounds in poultry manure with detection limits in the range of 0.44-2.12 ng/g, depending on the target compound. In comparison with previously published methods, the miniaturization of the sample preparation method with ultrasound-assisted extraction together with the use of a core-shell column permit a lower consumption of organic solvents and a fast analysis of perfluorinated compounds. Manure samples obtained from Spanish commercial farms were analyzed and low perfluorinated compounds levels were found, which may be originated by dietary or environmental exposure. The highest concentrations measured corresponded to the perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, which varied from 8.2 to 35.9 ng/g.