Fast ultrasound‐assisted extraction combined with LC–MS/MS of perfluorinated compounds in manure

Abstract

A fast analytical method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in poultry manure by LC-MS/MS was developed. The extraction was carried out by ultrasound-assisted extraction of 1 g of sample, during 2 × 15 min using low volume (5.5 mL) of a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile. An efficient extraction of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides from poultry manure was obtained with recoveries higher than 81%. The cleanup of extracts was carried out by dispersive SPE. The validation of the proposed method showed the suitability of this procedure to determine perfluorinated compounds in poultry manure with detection limits in the range of 0.44-2.12 ng/g, depending on the target compound. In comparison with previously published methods, the miniaturization of the sample preparation method with ultrasound-assisted extraction together with the use of a core-shell column permit a lower consumption of organic solvents and a fast analysis of perfluorinated compounds. Manure samples obtained from Spanish commercial farms were analyzed and low perfluorinated compounds levels were found, which may be originated by dietary or environmental exposure. The highest concentrations measured corresponded to the perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, which varied from 8.2 to 35.9 ng/g.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Two Types of Antioxidant Compounds (TPC and TA) from Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.): Optimization of the Individual and Simultaneous Extraction Methods

“…In general, large volumes of extraction solvents in the range of 10-20 mL has been used for sample preparation. A smaller amount of sample in a greater volume of solvent (greater variation of concentration) resulted in a greater gradient and therefore, a greater extraction, favored by the mass transfer [33].…”

Preconcentration and Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Water Samples by Bamboo Charcoal-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Prior to Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Many organic contaminants have been detected at trace levels in recent years because of the coupling of gas or liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) techniques [ 12 , 13 ]. LC coupled with tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) is an effective analytical method for the sensitive and selective detection of PFASs [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Direct analysis of PFASs is almost impossible because of their ultra-low concentration in various samples and the complexity of sample matrices [ 14 ].…”

Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in poultry manure by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The analysis of pollutants in poultry manure has been scarcely studied probably due to the complexity of the matrix. The reported studies mainly focused in the evaluation of heavy metals , hormones , surfactants , some pharmaceutical drugs , insecticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Nevertheless, other emerging contaminants, detected in meat and poultry feathers have not been investigated in poultry manure.…”